Satyrus ( 431 – 387 BCE ), successor to Spartocus, established his rule over the whole region, adding Nymphaeum to his kingdom and besieging Theodosia, which was wealthy because, unlike other cities in the region, it had a port which was free of ice throughout the year, allowing it to trade grain with the rest of the Greek world, even in winter.

* Satyrus the Peripatetic, a 3rd-century BC Greek philosopher and historian

* Satyrus, a 4th-century BC actor who conversed with Demosthenes

* Satyrus, a 4th-century BC ruler of Heracleaa, brother of Clearchus and uncle of Timotheus

* Satyrus of Bosporus, a ruler of Cimmerian Bosporus from 431-387 BC

* Satyrus, a 5th-century BC Greek political figure, instrumental in the downfall of Cleophon

Then followed a civil war, in which Satyrus defeated his younger brother Eumelus at the Battle of the River Thatis in 310 BC, but then was killed, giving Eumelus the throne.

When Clearchus died ( 353 / 352 BC ), he was first succeeded by his brother Satyrus, who was reigning as guardian for Clearchus ' sons Timotheus and Dionysius.

After the death of his father in 353 BC, he succeeded to the sovereignty, under the guardianship, at first, of his uncle Satyrus, and held the rule for fifteen years.

* Satyrus ( ape ), a legendary creature

* Satyrus ( genus ), a genus of butterflies

Within a short time, the city falls under the rule of the new tyrant Satyrus, Clearchus ' brother.

We learn from Vitruvius that Satyrus and Phytheus wrote a description of their work which Pliny likely read.

He was the son of Satyrus and Stratocleia, and was a native of Pleuron in Aetolia, although he spent the greater part of his life at Alexandria, where he was reckoned one of the seven tragic poets who constituted the Tragic Pleiad.

Another time, after the ecclesia had refused to hear him and he was going home dejected, an actor named Satyrus followed him and entered into a friendly conversation with him.

The architects Satyrus and Pythis, and the sculptors Scopas of Paros, Leochares, Bryaxis and Timotheus, finished the work after the death of Artemisia, some of them working, it was said, purely for renown.

After Paerisades ' death, a civil war between his sons Satyrus and Eumelus was fought.

Satyrus defeated his younger brother Eumelus at the Battle of the River Thatis in 310 BCE but then was killed in battle, giving Eumelus the throne.

Satyrus was succeeded by Timotheus, who soon shared the power with his younger brother Dionysius.

Ambrose's siblings, Satyrus ( who is the subject of Ambrose's De excessu fratris Satyri ) and Marcellina, are also venerated as saints.

There he came under the influence of men like Aeschrion of Pergamon, Stratonicus and Satyrus.

Titus Flavius Satyrus set up this monument in his memory from his own money.

Satyrus ' son Leucon ( 387 – 347 BCE ) would eventually take the city.

Satyrus placed him at the head of the Seven Sages, and even Heraclitus, who poured scorn on figures such as Hesiod and Pythagoras, referred to Bias as " a man of more consideration than any.

One of their members, Satyrus, brought a charge against Cleophon of neglect of military duty, leading to his arrest.

Rule of the city passed to Clearchus ' brother, Satyrus, who is generally considered to have been a worse tyrant than Clearchus.

The Delian League under the leadership of Athens, in 431 BC.

Delian League, before the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC.

By 431 BC Athens ' heavy-handed control of the Delian League would prompt the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War ; the League was dissolved upon the war's conclusion in 404 BC.

It only lasted until 431 BC, when the Peloponnesian War broke out.

In the first winter of the Peloponnesian War ( 431 BC ) Athens expelled the Aeginetans and established a cleruchy in their island.

He was also the first to distinguish between cause and immediate origins of an event, while his successor Xenophon ( c. 431 – 355 BC ) introduced autobiographical elements and character studies in his Anabasis.

The kings that are included range from the almost entirely mythological Labraid Loingsech, who allegedly became High King of Ireland around 431 BC, to the entirely historical Brian Boru.

The " Inner Kerameikos " was the former " potters ' quarter " within the city and " Outer Kerameikos " covers the cemetery and also the Dēmósion Sēma ( δημόσιον σῆμα, public graveyard ) just outside the city walls, where Pericles delivered his funeral oration in 431 BC.

In the Peloponnesian War ( c. 431 BC-404 BC ), Megara was an ally of Sparta.

The architects, Ictinos and Callicrates, began in 447 BC, and the building was substantially completed by 432, but work on the decorations continued until at least 431.

The Peloponnesian War, 431 to 404 BC, was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.

The Delian League in 431 BC

At the end of the first year of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration ( 431 BC ).

Eventually, this gifted student became dissatisfied with the level of philosophical instruction available in Alexandria, and went to Athens, the preeminent philosophical center of the day, in 431 to study at the Neoplatonic successor of the famous Academy founded 800 years ( in 387 BC ) before by Plato ; there he was taught by Plutarch of Athens ( not to be confused with Plutarch of Chaeronea ), Syrianus, and Asclepigenia ; he succeeded Syrianus as head of the Academy, and would in turn be succeeded on his death by Marinus of Neapolis.

Aristophanes, in his play Lysistrata, creates the scenario of an Athenian woman's anti-war sex strike during the Peloponnesian War of 431 – 404 BC, and the play has gained an international reputation for its anti-war message.

Map of the Athenian Empire in 431 BC

Finally, in 431 BC, this tension erupted into the Peloponnesian War, the first of a series of conflicts which would tear Greece apart for the next century ; an unforeseen, if indirect, legacy of Themistocles's.

Xenophon's birth date is uncertain, but most scholars agree that he was born around 431 BC near the city of Athens.

Category: 431 BC births

* 431 BC: The Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens and their allies.

* 431 BC: Defeat of the Aequians by the Romans under the dictator A. Postumius Tubertus.

* 431 BC: The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the notion that the human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm, a belief that dominates medical thinking for centuries.

Year 431 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

The denomination 431 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.