In 1297 the Sciarrillo di Colonna family, who had owned Praeneste ( by then called Palestrina ) from the eleventh century as a fief, revolted from the pope.

Sciarrillo Colonna, byname of Giacomo Colonna ( 1270-1329 ), was a member of the powerful Colonna family, and a strong enemy of Pope Boniface VIII.

Sciarrillo Colonna died in Venice in 1329.

It is said that Sciarrillo was involved in the attempted arrest of Pope Boniface VIII in 1303 by order of the French King Philip IV.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

He had already become famous for zeal and eloquence, and was the intimate friend of the Spaniard Juan de Valdés, of Pietro Bembo, Vittoria Colonna, Pietro Martire, Carnesecchi, and others destined to incur the suspicion of heresy, either from the moderation of their characters or from the evangelical tincture of their theology.

According to tradition, the Colonna are a branch of the Counts of Tusculum — by Peter ( 1099 – 1151 ) son of Gregory III, called Peter " de Columna " from his property, the Columna Castle, in Colonna, Alban Hills.

Son of Ascanio Colonna and Juana de Aragón.

* Original 1922 Almanach de Gotha ( edited by Justice Perthes ) entry for the Colonna family, link to the original universally-recognised genealogical reference document, with details of family honours

de: Colonna ( Adelsgeschlecht )

* November 23 – Spanish – German – Papal forces under Prosper Colonna force French Marshal Odet de Lautrec to abandon Milan.

* also substantively, the title was granted by popes and secular monarchs to specific individuals and to the heads of some high-ranking European families who, however, never exercised dynastic sovereignty and whose cadets are not entitled to share the princely title, e. g. de Beauvau-Craon, Colonna, von Bismarck, von Dohna-Schlobitten, von Eulenburg, de Faucigny-Lucinge, von Lichnowsky, von Pless, Ruffo di Calabria, ( de Talleyrand ) von Sagan, van Ursel, etc.

de: Vittoria Colonna

At the papal conclave of 1455 which elected the Aragonese candidate, Alfons de Borja, as Callixtus III, Cardinal Bassarion was an early candidate for his disinterest in the competition between Roman factions that pressed candidates of the Orsini and Colonna factions.

Their protector at Poli, Count Stefano de ' Conti, was imprisoned, but they also received the protection of the noble Colonna family of Palestrina.

de: Francesco Colonna

Three years later Pope Boniface VIII appointed him Archbishop of Bourges, France, although Jean de Savigny had already been designated for this see by Pope Celestine V. The French nobility protested on the ground that Colonna was an Italian, but his appointment was maintained and approved by the king.

Bing advanced the careers of a wide range of artists, including Louis Bonnier, Frank Brangwyn, and Edouard Vuillard, the designers Eugène Gaillard, Edward Colonna, William Benson, and Georges de Feure, and the sculptor Constantin Meunier.

* April 1: Ethiopia pleads for removal of arms embargo, financial assistance, and heavier sanctions on Italy ; Achille Starace's East African Fast Column ( Colonna Celere de Africa Orientale ) arrives in Gondar.

Illustration of Colonna slapping Pope Boniface VIII by Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville, from François Guizot's The History of France from the Earliest Times to the Year 1789 ( 1883 ).

de: Sciarra Colonna

At Villafranca the French, led by Jacques de la Palice, surprised and captured the Papal commander, Prospero Colonna, in a daring cavalry raid deep behind the allied lines ( the Chevalier Bayard providing the impetus and expertise ).

Noteworthy acquisitions from recent years are Francesco Colonna ’ s La Hypnerotomachia di Poliphilo, 1545 edition ; Salomon de Caus ’ s La pratique et demonstration des horloges solaire, published in Paris in 1624 ; and Humphry Repton ’ s album of 500 engraved views taken from William Peacock ’ s Polite Repository, arranged by year.

de: Giovanni Paolo Colonna

Leaving her small children behind, Hortense finally made a bid to escape from her hellish marriage on the night of 13 June 1668, with help from her brother, Philippe, Duc de Nevers, who procured horses and an escort to help her travel to Rome, where she counted on being able to take refuge with her sister Marie Mancini, now the Princess Colonna.

However, on 7 September 1303, an army led by Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna surprised Boniface at his retreat in Anagni.

Nogaret coordinated with the cardinals of the Colonna family, long standing rivals against whom the pope had even preached a crusade earlier in his Papacy.

The palace was plundered and Boniface was nearly killed ( Nogaret prevented Sciarra Colonna from murdering the pope ).

The great Colonna house, at bitter feud with the Gaetani, was his strongest ally, and Sciarra Colonna accompanied Nogaret to Anagni, Boniface's birthplace.

On September 7, with their band of some sixteen hundred men, Nogaret and Colonna surprised the little town.

These views, and his chronic intervention in " temporal " affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with the Emperor Albert I of Habsburg, the powerful Colonna family of Rome, King Philip IV of France, and Dante Alighieri, who wrote his essay De Monarchia to dispute Boniface's claims of papal supremacy.

* Sciarra Colonna, who took part in the Outrage of Anagni against Pope Boniface IV

In particular, Martin confirmed Giorgio Ordelaffi in Forlì, Ludovico Alidosi in Imola, Malatesta IV Malatesta in Rimini, and Guidantonio da Montefeltro in Spoleto, who would later marry the pope's niece Caterina Colonna.

He spent most of his brief life working for aristocratic patrons like the Colonna principe di Stigliano, and duca Marzio IV Maddaloni Carafa.

Upon assuming the papal chair, Eugene IV took violent measures against the numerous Colonna relatives of his predecessor Martin V, who had rewarded them with castles and lands.

He received a military education, which he refined as apostolic protonotary under Pope Martin V. The fighting bishop of Recanati from 1431, and afterwards made a cardinal, he was commander of the papal armies of Pope Eugene IV when the Colonna faction at Rome, infuriated by the reversal of their fortunes when Eugene succeeded Martin V ( a member of the Colonna ), backed an insurrection that raised a temporary republic at Rome and forced Eugene into exile at Florence in May 1434.

In 1434, during the struggle against the Colonna and Savelli families, Pope Eugene IV razed the castle of Lariano with the assistance of 800 Velletrani soldiers, and the land of Castellana was granted to Velletri, remaining merged to Velletri until 1967.

When the negotiations began, his quarrel with the king of France was temporarily in abeyance, and he had no intention of reviving it so long as there was hope that French money would come to pay the troops who, under Charles of Valois, the papal vicar of Tuscany, were so valuable in the crusade against the Colonna cardinals and their Sicilian allies.

He also addressed replies to marchioness Vittoria Colonna, Claudio Tolomei, and other Italian sympathizers who were reluctant to go to the same length as himself.

In this period, the Colonna started claiming they were descendants of the Julio-Claudian dynasty ( similar spurious claims are common among the old Roman nobility, the Massimo case probably being the best known ).

The Papal States were entrusted to a team of three cardinals, but Rome, the battleground of the Colonna and Orsini factions, was ungovernable.

The burghers of Colonna were duly vanquished, and Ascanio was banished ( 1541 ).

Traditional papal enemies such as the Prefetti di Vico were destroyed, while the Colonna were reduced to obedience after the destruction of their stronghold in Palestrina in August 1436.

Carlo's older brother Giovanni was made commander of the papal forces and Duke of Paliano after the pro-Spanish Colonna were deprived of that town in 1556.

Vermigli ( Peter Martyr ) and Marcantonio Flaminio were leading spirits in his coterie, which included the marchioness of Pescara Vittoria Colonna, ( April 1490-a widower since 1525-25 February 1547, aged 57 ), since 1537, and her younger widower sister-in-law, Giulia Gonzaga, ( 1513-marries 1526, aged 13-a widower since 1529, aged 16-16 April 1566, aged 53 ).

His principal poetical works were: Dramatic Scenes and other Poems ( 1819 ), A Sicilian Story ( 1820 ), Marcian Colonna ( 1820 ), Mirandola, a tragedy performed at Covent Garden with Macready, Charles Kemble and Miss Foote in the leading parts ( 1821 ), The Flood of Thessaly ( 1823 ).

The book, however, also includes words from the Italian language, as well as illustrations including Arabic and Hebrew words ; Colonna also invented new languages when the ones available to him were inaccurate.

He was voiced by Jerry Colonna, after whom his appearance and personality were modelled, and later by Maurice LaMarche.

The most renowned condottieri fought for foreign powers: Gian Giacomo Trivulzio abandoned Milan for France, while Andrea Doria was Admiral of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. In the end, failure was political, rather than military, stemming from disunity and political indecision, and, by 1550, the military service condotta had disappeared, while the term condottiere remained current, denominating the great Italian generals ( mainly ) fighting for foreign states ; men such as Gian Giacomo Medici, Ambrogio Spinola, Marcantonio II Colonna and Raimondo Montecuccoli were prominent into the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries.

He travelled to Italy in 1521, were he was able to make contact with many writers and artists of the Renaissance, including Vittoria Colonna ( who was his relative ), Pietro Bembo, Sannazzaro and Ariosto.

Close supporters of the former Pope Celestine V, who had been imprisoned by Boniface after his abdication, Sciarrillo's uncle, Giacomo Colonna, and brother Pietro were deposed of their positions in the Sacred College and stripped of their benefices and vestments.

Together with the rest of the Colonna family, they were excommunicated and their last strongold, Palestrina, not far from Anagni, was stormed by papal forces.

Italy had had an early tradition of the salon ; the courtisan Tullia d ' Aragona held a salon already in the 16th century, and Giovanna Dandolo became known as a patron and gatherer of artists as wife of Pasquale Malipiero, the doge in Venice in 1457-1462 ; the real pioneers were instead the abdicated Queen Christina of Sweden and the princess Colonna, Marie Mancini, who rivaled as salon hostesses in 17th century Rome.

Four years later, however, the city and the castle were ravaged by Papal troops under Prospero Colonna, and subsequently a new line of walls was built.

The Colonna, meanwhile, organized an attack on Rome, defeating the Papal forces and briefly seizing control of the city ; they were soon paid off and departed, however.

Among the Pittore di Prospettive, paesi, ornamenti, ed Architetti were Antonio Joli, Antonio Visentini, Francesco Zanchi, Francesco Zuccarelli, Giovanfrancesco Costa, and Girolamo Colonna Mingozzi.

Their eventual heirs were the Colonna.

The jinetes, Spanish light cavalry, were placed in front of the rest of the army, while the Spanish heavy cavalry under Prospero Colonna were kept in reserve.

The Palazzo Colonna Barberini in Palestrina ; the comune over which various Barberini family members were given control.