Scientific diving is the use of diving techniques by scientists to study underwater what would normally be studied by scientists on land.

Scientific divers are normally qualified scientists first and divers second, who use diving equipment and techniques as their way to get to the location of their fieldwork.

In South Africa, scientific diving is considered a form of commercial diving and is within the scope of the Diving Regulations 2009 and the Code of Practice for Scientific Diving approved by the Chief Inspector of the department of Labour,

Although the first scientific diving expedition in Australia was carried out by Sir Maurice Yonge to the Great Barrier Reef in 1928, most scientific diving did not start until 1952 when the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation began work to understand the pearl beds of northern Australia in 1957.

Although there are seven other types of annual awards presented by the Academy ( the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, the Scientific and Engineering Award, the Technical Achievement Award, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, and the Student Academy Award ) plus two awards that are not presented annually ( the Special Achievement Award in the form of an Oscar statuette and the Honorary Award that may or may not be in the form of an Oscar statuette ), the best known one is the Academy Award of Merit more popularly known as the Oscar statuette.

Scientific research is most often not the main goal for many amateur astronomers, unlike professional astronomy.

* 1845 – The first issue of Scientific American magazine is published.

This range is in the globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical ( ISM ) 2. 4 GHz short-range radio frequency band.

Scientific classification in botany is a method by which botanists group and categorize organisms by biological type, such as genus or species.

A subsequent review of these tests by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Scientific Advisory Panel points out that while " the negative results decrease the probability that the Cry9C protein is the cause of allergic symptoms in the individuals examined ... in the absence of a positive control and questions regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the assay, it is not possible to assign a negative predictive value to this "

Capitalised, BASIC is sometimes taken as an acronym that stands for British American Scientific International Commercial.

Scientific consensus is that these fossils were eroded from their original locations and then re-buried in much later sediments ( also known as reworked fossils ).

Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

Specific weaknesses in the text include: it does not stipulate guidelines for the ' non-detriment ' finding required of national Scientific Authorities ; non-detriment findings require copious amounts of information ; the ' household effects ' clause is often not rigid enough / specific enough to prevent CITES violations by means of this Article ( VII ); non-reporting from Parties means Secretariat monitoring is incomplete ; and it has no capacity to address domestic trade in listed species.

It is encapsulated in Science and Health as " The Scientific Statement of Being ".

Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956.

Scientific computing is a much smaller niche market ( in revenue and units shipped ).

Scientific knowledge is gained by observation and testing, not believing from some subconscious stipulation, as Hubbard would have us believe.

Scientific understanding of the process of extinction is insufficient to accurately make predictions about the impact of deforestation on biodiversity.

Reviewing the film for Scientific American, John Rennie says " The term is a curious throwback, because in modern biology almost no one relies solely on Darwin's original ideas ...

One of Hofstadter's columns in Scientific American concerned the damaging effects of sexist language, and two chapters of his book Metamagical Themas are devoted to that topic, one of which is a biting analogy-based satire entitled " A Person Paper on Purity in Language ", in which the reader's presumed revulsion at racism and racist language is used as a lever to motivate an analogous revulsion at sexism and sexist language.

Davros is the head of the Elite Scientific Division, created to devise new military strategies in order to win the war.

Physicist Sean Carroll believes that conceiving of morality as a science could be a case of Scientific imperialism and insists that what is " good for conscious creatures " is not an adequate working definition of " moral ".

As such its general structure and management is determined by the Wet op het Hoger Onderwijs en Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ( English: Law on Higher Education and Scientific Research ).

* Level I: Scientific evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, such that the risk versus benefit balance cannot be assessed.

Scientific data processing usually involves a great deal of computation ( arithmetic and comparison operations ) upon a relatively small amount of input data, resulting in a small volume of output.

Scientific realism usually holds that science makes progress, i. e. scientific theories usually get successively better, or, rather, answer more and more questions.

For digital satellite TV signals, a dedicated commercial satellite receiver such as a GI DSR4400X or a Scientific Atlanta / PowerVu satellite receiver is needed for each channel that is to be distributed by the cable system ; these are usually rack-mountable receivers that are designed to take up less space than consumer receivers.

Scientific UFO research suffers from the fact that the phenomena under observation do not usually make predictable appearances at a time and place convenient for the researcher.

Scientific data processing usually involves a great deal of computation ( arithmetic and comparison operations ) upon a relatively small amount of input data, resulting in a small volume of output.

Widely regarded as one of the most important works in both the science of physics and in applied mathematics during the Scientific revolution, the work underlies much of the technological and scientific advances from the Industrial Revolution ( usually dated from 1750 ) which its tools helped to create.

Scientific visualization is usually done with specialized software, though there are a few exceptions, noted below.

As the Advisory Scientific Director of the University of Alaska Geophysical Institute from 1951 to 1970, he spent three months of the year in Alaska, usually during winter for research into aurora.

Regardless of scale length, the strings are usually tuned to E1, A1, D2, G2 ( see Scientific pitch notation ) at the same pitch as the double bass or bass guitar.

Scientific Support vehicles were usually Peugeot Expert vans equipped with a high intensity roof mounted light which allows forensic examinations to be completed in all lighting conditions.

The Antarctic Scientific Exploration of China has conducted successful meteorite searches since 2000.

A study at the Tulane School of Public Health conducted by James P. Carter and others reported significant improvement in cancer patient longevity ( 177 months compared to 91 months ) when patients practiced the macrobiotic diet, although an analysis stated about this paper, " Scientific evidence on the potential benefits of macrobiotic diets for patients with cancer is limited to two retrospective studies with serious methodologic flaws.

In a 2006 breed specific survey conducted by The Kennel Club and the British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee, responses highlighted several health issues.

* Scientific Grant Awards Database Contains details of over 2, 000, 000 scientific research projects conducted over the past 25 years.

The initial investigation was conducted entirely by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) and the Central Bureau of Investigation.

Scientific studies have been conducted ; some earlier, less sophisticated experiments produced positive results but they had invalidating flaws, and none of the newer experiments had positive results when under properly controlled conditions.

Scientific experiments were conducted, including observation of the sun.

* Scientific Grant Awards Database Contains details of over 2, 000, 000 scientific research projects conducted over the past 25 years.

According to a survey conducted by Thomson Scientific in 2006, an established authority in compiling Science Citation Index, PolyU has been ranked number one in the world on the number of papers published in leading journals from 2003 to 2005 in the field of civil engineering.

According to the 2009 by-fields Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities ( conducted by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan ), PolyU was ranked 72nd in 2008 but 63rd in 2009, in the world in terms of engineering publication performance.

Scientific research work on birds has been conducted on all continents, and the major research themes of the EGI, population and evolutionary ecology of birds, have been supplemented by a very wide range of research activities.

The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition ( ITASE ) was created in 1990 with the purpose of studying climate change through research conducted in Antarctica.

" In 2003, the Institute for Scientific Information conducted an impact factor analysis which ranked New Left Review 12th on a list of the top 20 political science journals in the world.

Experiments are conducted with research radars, such as those of the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association ( EISCAT ) with transmitters in Tromsø and on Svalbard.

Scientific research was also conducted, as 20 PhD and 14 assistant-professorship qualifying theses were written.

Scientific planning was conducted under the auspices of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling ( JOIDES ).

The Preliminary design was completed on Jan. 15, 2011, when RKK Energia announced that its Scientific and Technical Council, NTS, conducted a meeting, which reviewed and approved the preliminary design of the Nodal Module and associated hardware.

Scientific exploration has been conducted.

Scientific studies of the fauna and flora are conducted annually.

Scientific studies are mostly conducted by a group of palaeontologists from the University of New South Wales.

The 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition conducted a magnetic survey and also took botanical, zoological and geological specimens.

In 1966-1967, during his doctoral studies Hasanov conducted scientific research at Scientific Research Construction Materials and Establishments Institute.

Scientific work conducted on the 14-meter radio telescope will be continued on the modern 50-meter Large Millimeter Telescope in Mexico.

Scientific experiments have been conducted to induce airglow by directing high-power radio emissions at the Earth's ionosphere.