The Cathbuaid, Columba's crozier or staff, has been lost but the 8th-century Breccbennach or Monymusk Reliquary shown here, which held relics of Columba, is known to have been carried into battle from the reign of King William I of Scotland | William I onwards.

Scotland lost a much higher proportion of its population than England and Wales, reaching perhaps as much as 30. 2 per cent of its natural increase from the 1850s onwards.

George Monck, realizing the military stood to lose power ; secretly shifted his loyalty to the Crown but as General George Monck, who had been Cromwell's viceroy in Scotland, began to march south, Lambert, who had ridden out to face him, lost support in London.

However, by the time Scotland and England joined under a single parliament, English had lost the sound, so the Scots convention of using CH remained, hence the modern Scottish English loch.

Labour won extra seats in Scotland, Wales and Northern England, but lost ground particularly in Southern England and London, where the Tories still dominated.

Rediscovering the ' lost ' Honours of Scotland in 1818

The union was valuable to England from a security standpoint, since it meant that Scotland lost the possibility to choose a different monarch on her death, reducing the chance of a European power using Scotland as a route to invading England.

While working as librarian at Xavier Junior College, Mother St. Margaret of Scotland ( Sister Margaret Beaton ) recognized that documents of historical significance to Cape Breton Island were being lost.

He marched to the river Tees, ravaging the countryside as he went ; Edgar, having lost much of his support, fled to Scotland, where King Malcolm III was married to Edgar's sister Margaret.

** The Longhope, Orkney lifeboat in Scotland is lost ; the entire crew of 8 die.

* According to Hector Boece, the Stone was first kept in the west of Scotland at the lost city of Evonium.

On 20 January 1327, Edward II was informed at Kenilworth Castle of the charges brought against him: The King was guilty of incompetence ; allowing others to govern him to the detriment of the people and Church ; not listening to good advice and pursuing occupations unbecoming to a monarch ; having lost Scotland and lands in Gascony and Ireland through failure of effective governance ; damaging the Church, and imprisoning its representatives ; allowing nobles to be killed, disinherited, imprisoned and exiled ; failing to ensure fair justice, instead governing for profit and allowing others to do likewise ; and of fleeing in the company of a notorious enemy of the realm, leaving it without government, and thereby losing the faith and trust of his people.

A group of English magnates known as The Disinherited, who had lost land in Scotland by the peace accord, staged an invasion of Scotland and won a great victory at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in 1332.

Isabella was merciful to those who had aligned themselves with him, although some – such as her old supporter Henry de Beaumont, whose family had split from Isabella over the peace with Scotland, which had lost them huge land holdings in Scotland – fled to France.

The Local Government ( Scotland ) Act 1929 divided burghs into two classes from 1930: large burghs, which were to gain extra powers from the county council, and small burghs which lost many of their responsibilities.

All hereditary peers in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom were entitled to sit in the House of Lords, subject only to qualifications such as age and citizenship, but under section 1 of the House of Lords Act 1999 they lost this right.

Later in 1537, Mary became the focus of marriage negotiations with James V of Scotland, who had lost his first wife, Madeleine of Valois, due to tuberculosis, and wanted a second French bride to further the interests of the Franco-Scottish alliance against England.

" Evidence of a lost Pictish source in the Historia Regum Anglorum of Symeon of Durham ", in Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland, 500-1297: essays in honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the occasion of her ninetieth birthday, ed.

In 2011, BPAS lost a High Court bid to force the Health Secretary to allow women undertaking early medical abortions in England, Scotland and Wales to administer the second dose of drug treatment at home.

At first, Cook intended to become a Church of Scotland minister, but lost his faith as he discovered politics.

Twenty thousand jobs would be lost, and many communities in the north of England, Scotland and Wales would lose their primary source of employment.

The Church of Scotland separated from the Roman Catholic Church with the Scottish Reformation in 1560, and the split from it of the Scottish Episcopal Church began in 1582, in the reign of James VI of Scotland, over disagreements about the role of bishops.

The Trust was funded by a gift of $ 10 million ( a then unprecedented sum: at the time, total government assistance to all four Scottish universities was about £ 50, 000 a year ) and its aim was to improve and extend the opportunities for scientific research in the Scottish universities and to enable the deserving and qualified youth of Scotland to attend a university.

Due to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, Bealltainn in Scotland was commonly celebrated on 15 May while in Ireland " Old Beltane " or " Old May " began about the night of 11 May.

The Shetland Amenity Trust lists about 120 sites in Shetland as candidate brochs, while The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland identifies a total of 571 candidate broch sites throughout the country.

Since about 2005, Oi Polloi ( from Scotland ) have recorded in Scottish Gaelic.

Lyell was born in Scotland about 15 miles north of Dundee in Kinnordy, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire ( now in Angus ).

* National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE ( selection of archive films about Dundee )

* National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE ( selection of archive films about Edinburgh )

Elf-shot ( or elf-bolt or elf-arrow ) is a word found in Scotland and Northern England, first attested in a manuscript of about the last quarter of the 16th century.

The King had become engaged in the great debate about other-worldly powers in writing his Daemonology in 1597, before he became King of England as well as Scotland.

Prehistoric Scotland entered the Neolithic about 4000 BC, the Bronze Age about 2000 BC, and the Iron Age around 700 BC.

England had about five times the population of Scotland at the time, and about 36 times as much wealth.

From about 1790 textiles became the most important industry in the west of Scotland, especially the spinning and weaving of cotton, which flourished until in 1861 the American Civil War cut off the supplies of raw cotton.

By the 21st century, there would be about as many people who were Scotch Canadians and Scottish Americans as the 5 million remaining in Scotland.

The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 signalled that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in 1971.

The Outer Hebrides are a chain of more than 100 islands and small skerries located about west of mainland Scotland.

Legislation against Sectarian hate in Scotland, which is aimed principally at football matches, does not criminalise jokes about peoples ’ beliefs, nor outlaw “ harsh ” comment about their religious faith.

The word is first recorded in 1604 in the Elgin Records as hagmonay ( delatit to haue been singand hagmonayis on Satirday ) and again in 1692 in an entry of the Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence It is ordinary among some plebeians in the South of Scotland to go about from door to door upon New-years Eve, crying Hagmane.

: It is ordinary among some plebeians in the South of Scotland to go about from door to door upon New-years Eve, crying Hagmane.

" This particular line of criticism also misses the obvious parallels that existed between the story's background ( England conquered by the Normans in 1066, when they killed Saxon King Harold at Hastings, about 130 years previously ) and the prevailing situation in Scott's native Scotland ( Scotland's union with England in 1707 – about the same length of time had elapsed before Scott's writing and the resurgence in his time of Scottish nationalism evidenced by the cult of Robert Burns, the famous poet who deliberately chose to work in Scots vernacular though he was an educated man and spoke modern English eloquently ).