Other notable productions in Europe from the 1980s included the March 1986 presentation by the Scottish Opera in Glasgow ; a June 1990 production in Florence by the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino.

** Alexander Gibson, British conductor and founder of the Scottish Opera

Scottish Opera, Welsh National Opera and many of the other British opera companies have mounted productions, as did the reconstituted D ' Oyly Carte Opera Company between 1990 and its closure in 2003.

He was good enough to earn employment with the Carl Rosa Opera Company and the Scottish Orchestra ( forerunner of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra ) although his salary was only just enough to live on.

Construction of DG One centre in 2007The Loreburn Hall ( sometimes known colloquially as The Drill Hall ) has hosted concerts by performers such as Black Sabbath, Big Country, The Proclaimers and Scottish Opera.

These include: Scottish Opera, TAG, the Borderline and 7: 84.

In 2007 an opera in Scots Gaelic called St Kilda: A European Opera about the story of the islands received funding from the Scottish Government.

Routledge won a Laurence Olivier Award in 1988 for her portrayal of the Old Lady in Leonard Bernstein's Candide in the London cast of the critically acclaimed Scottish Opera production.

" Covent Garden, protective of its status, objected to the suggestion that the Sadler's Wells company should be called " The British National Opera " or " The National Opera ", although neither Scottish Opera nor the Welsh National Opera opposed such a change.

As a teenager he then performed at Covent Garden Royal Opera House with the Scottish Opera in a critically acclaimed production of Carmen.

More recent productions have included those in Scotland at Ledlanet ( 1972 ) and by Scottish Opera ( 1974 ).

Milwaukee's Florentine Opera company in 2009 staged a recreation of director John La Bouchardiere's earlier Scottish Opera production, conducted by Jane Glover at the Pabst Theater ; it starred Jennifer Aylmer, Robert Breault, and Sandra Piques Eddy.

It also sponsored Scottish Opera and televised live opera and ballet, networking more opera than similar television companies.

Following the completion of the new studio complex, the Theatre Royal was sold to Scottish Opera to become the first national opera house in Scotland, and the home of Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet.

In Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian, for example, the heroine, Jeanie Deans, a Scottish Presbyterian, writes to her father about the church situation she has found in England ( bold added ):

" Boudica has also been the primary subject of songs by Irish singer / songwriter Enya, Dutch soprano Petra Berger, Scottish singer / songwriter Steve McDonald, English metal band Bal-Sagoth, Faith and the Muse and Dreams in the Witching House.

In Scotland the only one which has survived the convulsions of the 16th century is Aberdeen Breviary, a Scottish form of the Sarum Office ( the Sarum Rite was much favoured in Scotland as a kind of protest against the jurisdiction claimed by the diocese of York ), revised by William Elphinstone ( bishop 1483 – 1514 ), and printed at Edinburgh by Walter Chapman and Andrew Myllar in 1509 – 1510.

As significant as he is to the plot, he has fewer lines than the relatively insignificant Ross, a Scottish nobleman who survives the play.

* Strathspeys are specific to Highland Scotland, for example, and it has been hypothesized that they mimic the rhythms of the Scottish Gaelic language.

Within the Protestant tradition the Presbyterian Church ( which has its roots in Scottish Presbyterianism ) also has parishes named in honour of Columba.

The Scottish Gaelic form is and has the additional meanings of " pulpit " and " churn ".

The actual number in Scotland varies considerably — between approximately 350 to 500 due to the use of the term " island dun " for well over one hundred Hebridean examples — a distinction that has created a divide between mainland Scottish crannog and Hebridean islet settlement studies.

The central argument in Principles was that the present is the key to the past – a concept of the Scottish Enlightenment which David Hume had stated as " all inferences from experience suppose ... that the future will resemble the past ", and James Hutton had described when he wrote in 1788 that " from what has actually been, we have data for concluding with regard to that which is to happen thereafter.

Dewar's work for the Scottish Parliament has led him to be called the " Father of the Nation ".

Ownership has changed many times, past owners including the Scottish publisher A & C Black, Horace Everett Hooper, Sears Roebuck and William Benton.

The Scottish Agricultural College also has a campus in south Edinburgh.

Edinburgh has a long literary tradition, going back to the Scottish Enlightenment and in more recent years being declared the first UNESCO City of Literature in 2004.

The Scottish national team has occasionally played at Easter Road and Tynecastle.

The town also has a football team, Fort William F. C., competing in the Scottish Highland Football League.

The theory was popularized in the 1840s by Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle, and in 1860 Herbert Spencer formulated a counter-argument that has remained influential throughout the 20th century to the present ; Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes.

Although Irish and Manx are often referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic ( as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages ), the use of the word Gaelic is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when referring to language, only ever refer to these languages, whereas Scots has come to refer to a Germanic language, and therefore " Scottish " can refer to things not at all Gaelic.

The Declaration has also been seen as one of the most important documents in the development of a Scottish national identity.

Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth, particularly the success of Edinburgh's Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels.

The Scottish Law Commission, in its Discussion Paper No 122 on Insanity and Diminished Responsibility ( 2003 ), pp. 16 / 18 confirms that the law has not substantially changed from the position stated in Hume's Commentaries:

Controversially, in England there has been some screening in sensitive security cases, but the Scottish courts have firmly set themselves against any form of jury vetting.

He has been inducted into both the Scottish and English Football Halls of Fame.

The Scottish Tartans Authority, however, has described the practice as childish and unhygienic.

The Scottish artist Alec Finlay has placed letterboxes with rubber stamp circle poems at locations around the world, including Yorkshire Sculpture Park.

Frazer, a Scottish scholar with a broad knowledge of Classics, also concerned himself with religion, myth, and magic.

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

Scottish law also provides for a more serious charge of aggravated assault on the basis of such factors as severity of injury, the use of a weapon, or Hamesuken ( to assault a person in his own home ).

Rhoticity was further supported by Hiberno-English, West Country English and Scottish English as well as the fact most regions of England at this time also had rhotic accents.

Areas similar to that of the council area are covered by the Angus Westminster constituency for the UK Parliament and the area is also represented at the Scottish Parliament by both the Angus and North Tayside Holyrood constituencies.

Ó hÓgáin proposes that this term was also used in Scottish Gaelic and Welsh.

Instead, from 1 January 1923, almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the " big four ", the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway companies ( there were also a number of other joint railways such as the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway and the Cheshire Lines Committee as well as special joint railways such as the Forth Bridge Railway, Ryde Pier Railway and at one time the East London Railway ).

In addition to English being the film's primary language, French, Latin, and Scottish Gaelic are also spoken.

The film generated huge interest in Scotland and in Scottish history, not only around the world, but also in Scotland itself.

Fans come from all over the world to see the places in Scotland where William Wallace fought for Scottish freedom, and also to the places in Scotland and Ireland to see the locations used in the film.

The nucleus was also described by Franz Bauer in 1804 and in more detail in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in a talk at the Linnean Society of London.

Saint Columba ( 7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD )— also known as Colum Cille, or Chille ( Old Irish, meaning " dove of the church "), Colm Cille ( Irish ), Calum Cille ( Scottish Gaelic ), Colum Keeilley ( Manx Gaelic ) and Kolban or Kolbjørn ( Old Norse )— was a Gaelic Irish missionary monk who propagated Christianity among the Picts during the Early Medieval Period.

The Scottish Episcopal Church and Church of Scotland also have parishes dedicated to him.

It was also influenced by Scottish, Irish and English immigration after the War of 1812.

In his fictional historical essay " The Hyborian Age ", Howard describes how the people of Atlantis — the land where his character King Kull originated — had to move east after a great cataclysm changed the face of the world and sank their island, settling where Ireland and Scotland would eventually be located, Thus they are ( in Howard's work ) the ancestors of the Irish and Scottish ( the Celtic Gaels ) and not the Picts, the other ancestor of modern Scots who also appear in Howard's work.

The Scottish poet William Soutar also wrote over one hundred American Cinquains ( he labelled them Epigrams ) between 1933 and 1940.

By-elections were also held to the Westminster and Scottish Parliament constituency of Glasgow Anniesland.

Dewar also threatened to sack any minister or aide who briefed the media against another member of the Scottish Executive, following public rows between Jack McConnell and the Minister of Health and Community Care, Susan Deacon over the budget allocated to health.

The Scotland national rugby union team plays at Murrayfield Stadium, which is owned by the Scottish Rugby Union and is also used as a venue for other events, including music concerts.

By the end of her life Elizabeth was also reputed to speak Welsh, Cornish, Scottish and Irish in addition to English.

In the early years other teams from Wales, Ireland and Scotland also took part in the competition, with Glasgow side Queen's Park losing the final to Blackburn Rovers in 1884 and 1885 before being barred from entering by the Scottish Football Association.