Scouller argued that the older theories offer only limited assistance in developing a person ’ s ability to lead effectively.

Integrated Psychological theory began to attract attention after the publication of James Scouller ’ s Three Levels of Leadership model ( 2011 ).

However, this changed with the emergence of Integrated Psychological leadership theory – as represented by James Scouller ’ s Three Levels of Leadership model ( 2011 ).

Scouller ’ s model – which attempts to integrate the older theories while addressing their limitations by focusing on the leader ’ s psychology – emphasizes the idea that leaders should care as much about their followers ’ needs as their own and view leadership as an act of service.

These are the behaviors that address what Scouller called “ the four dimensions of leadership ”.

Berlin argued that, following this line of thought, demands for freedom paradoxically could become demands for forms of collective control and discipline – those deemed necessary for the " self-mastery " or " self-determination " of nations, classes, democratic communities, and even humanity as a whole.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

In a small way this is illustrated by the nineteenth-century novelist who argued for the powerful influence of literature as a teacher of society and who illustrated this with the way a girl learned to meet her lover, how to behave, how to think about this new experience, how to exercise restraint.

When all else fails, it is argued that open sessions slow down governmental operations.

Taking account of the fact that such a move on our part would be unpopular in world opinion, he argued that the responsibility of the United States is `` to do, confidently and firmly, not what is popular, but what is right ''.

Of course, it can be argued that an ability to write English correctly and with some degree of elegance is a marketable skill.

It could be argued that any fellowship which centers in residential neighborhoods is doomed to become an expression of the panic for stable identity among the middle classes.

Cox argued that the bill is `` probably unconstitutional '' since, he said, it would impair contracts.

Attorney Dwight L. Schwab, in behalf of defendant Philip Weinstein, argued there is no evidence linking Weinstein to the conspiracy, but Judge Powell declared this is a matter for the jury to decide.

After Cuba and Laos, it was argued, Mr. Khrushchev will interpret the President's consent to the meeting as further evidence of Western weakness -- perhaps even panic -- and is certain to try to exploit the advantage he now believes he holds.

The real reason for his rejection, they argued, is the fact that Georgia law automatically cuts off funds for any desegregated school.

Thomas Jay Oord has argued in several books that altruism is but one possible form of love.

Martin Heidegger argued that the relation between the subject and object is ambiguous, as is the relation of mind and body, and part and whole.

Recently, Corey Anton has argued that we cannot be certain what is separate from or unified with something else: language, he asserts, divides what is not in fact separate.

Korzybski's work argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and by the structure of language.

This is to avoid the notion that a writing system that represents sounds must be either a syllabary or an alphabet, which implies that a system like Aramaic must be either a syllabary ( as argued by Gelb ) or an incomplete or deficient alphabet ( as most other writers have said ); rather, it is a different type.

The Platonist seemed to outweigh the Aristotelian in Alan, but he felt strongly that the divine is all intelligibility and argued this notion through much Aristotelian logic combined with Pythagorean mathematics.

A related argument is from conscience ; John Henry Newman argued that the conscience supports the claim that objective moral truths exist because it drives people to act morally even when it is not in their own interest.

It might be argued that the Communists are less inhuman than the Nazis and furnish the artist with drama in a lower key.

However, while names, key events and titles may have been borrowed, Brynley Roberts has argued that " the Arthurian section is Geoffrey's literary creation and it owes nothing to prior narrative.

He argued that the role of key replicator in cultural evolution belongs not to genes, but to memes replicating thought from person to person by means of imitation.

Romantic nationalism formed a key strand in the philosophy of Hegel ( 1770-1831 ), who argued that there was a " spirit of the age " or zeitgeist that inhabited a particular people at a particular time, and that, when that people became the active determiner of history, it was simply because their cultural and political moment had come.

However, it can be argued that a sufficiently well-implemented system based on security through obscurity simply becomes another variant on a key-based scheme, with the obscure details of the system acting as the secret key value.

While Catholic scholars maintain that More's attitude in composing Utopia was largely ironic and that he was an orthodox Christian, Marxist theoretician Karl Kautsky argued in the book Thomas More and his Utopia ( 1888 ) that Utopia was a shrewd critique of economic and social exploitation in pre-modern Europe and that More was one of the key intellectual figures in the early development of socialist ideas.

Although it has been argued that the Abbey was being used as a refuge from the battle by the women and children and was occupied by German troops only after the bombing, many reports from troops on the ground suggest that in fact Germans were occupying the monastery, and it was considered a key observational post by all those who were fighting in the field.

In a 1995 paper, philosopher Quentin Smith argued that key concepts in Kripke's new theory of reference had originated from the work of Ruth Barcan Marcus more than a decade earlier.

The use of infinitesimals to compute rates of change was developed significantly by Bhāskara II ( 1114 – 1185 ); indeed, it has been argued that many of the key notions of differential calculus can be found in his work, such as " Rolle's theorem ".

The authors also argued that Alexander Haig was not Deep Throat but was a key source for Bob Woodward, who as a Naval officer had briefed Haig at the White House in 1969 and 1970.

It could therefore be argued that a key problem that evaluators face is the lack of a clear definition of evaluation, which may " underline why program evaluation is periodically called into question as an original process, whose primary function is the production of legitimate and justified judgments which serve as the bases for relevant recommendations.

" Such rhetoric reflected a new reality of working-class affluence ; it has been argued: " The key factor in the Conservative victory was that average real pay for industrial workers had risen since Churchill ’ s 1951 victory by over 20 per cent ".

Roger Bigod became one of the key opponents to John, having argued over John's requirements for military levies.

Trevor-Roper argued that history should be understood as an art, not a science, and asserted that the key attribute of the successful historian was the power of imagination.

In his best-known book, The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages ( 1971, with numerous reprints ), Lopez argued that the key contribution of the medieval period to European history was the creation of a commercial economy, centered at first in the Italo-Byzantine eastern Mediterranean, but eventually extending to the Italian city-states and over the rest of Europe.

Strong conventional forces were also a key element in Kahn's strategic thinking, for he argued that the tension generated by relatively minor flashpoints worldwide could be thereby effectively siphoned off without undue resort to the nuclear option.

While its key aspects were political in nature, its constitutional aspects continue to be argued about to the present day.

It can be argued that the knowledge economy differs from the traditional economy in several key respects:

During his life, Trenchard strongly argued that the bomber was the key weapon of an air force and he is recognized today as one of the early advocates of strategic bombing and one of the architects of the British policy on imperial policing through air control.

In that the book at the beginning provides ' the key ' to the author's ' vague visions ' ( Sonnet 3 ) of other realities behind the everyday, it might be argued that the poems that follow, though disparate in themselves, detail a succession of such visions that a reading of it releases.

The key issue was the Falklands War: most of the former I-CL argued for the defeat of both sides ; most of the former WSL supported a victory for Argentina.

It has been argued that city networks are a key ingredient of what defines a city, alongside with the sheer number of people ( density ) and the particular way of life in cities.

Unlike Thomas Hobbes, who saw uniformity of religion as the key to a well-functioning civil society, Locke argued that more religious groups actually prevent civil unrest.

By May 1967, the OCI argued that the IC was not functioning well, and that key decisions of the 1966 conferences " remained dead letters ".