Sertraline can be deaminated in vitro by monoamine oxidases ; however, this metabolic pathway has never been studied in vivo.

** Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ( SSRIs ): Citalopram, Dapoxetine, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline.

Sertraline hydrochloride ( trade names Zoloft and Lustral, among others ) is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) class.

Sertraline is primarily used to treat major depression in adult outpatients as well as obsessive – compulsive, panic, and social anxiety disorders in both adults and children.

Sertraline also alleviates the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and can be used in sub-therapeutic doses or intermittently for its treatment.

Sertraline shares the common side effects and contraindications of other SSRIs, with high rates of nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and sexual side effects ; however, it has relatively mild effects on both cognition and vigilance.

Sertraline is effective for both severe depression and dysthymia, a milder and more chronic variety of depression.

Sertraline also improved the depression of dysthymic patients to a greater degree than group cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy, and adding psychotherapy to sertraline did not seem to enhance the outcome.

Sertraline was equivalent to imipramine for the treatment of depression with co-morbid panic disorder, but it was better tolerated.

Sertraline treatment of depressed patients with co-morbid personality disorders improved their personality traits, and this improvement was almost independent from the improvement of their depression.

Sertraline was equivalent to imipramine for both of these indications during the first 12 weeks of the study and the 16-week continuation phase.

Sertraline used for the treatment of depression in elderly ( older than 60 ) patients was superior to placebo and comparable to another SSRI fluoxetine, and TCAs amitriptyline, nortriptyline ( Pamelor ) and imipramine.

Sertraline had much lower rates of adverse effects than these TCAs, with the exception of nausea, which occurred more frequently with sertraline.

The authors of the study argued that the improvement achieved with sertraline is different and of a better quality than the improvement achieved with placebo .< ref name =" pmid10945134 "> Review: Sertraline was equally effective for men and women and for patients with or without agoraphobia.

Sertraline was not effective for veterans with combat-related PTSD.

Sertraline appears to be associated with microscopic colitis, a rare condition of unknown etiology.

Sertraline is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6 and CYP2B6 in vitro.

Sertraline is often used in combination with stimulant medication for the treatment of co-morbid depression and / or anxiety in ADHD Studies have shown there was an increase in the concentration of amphetamine in the brain in rats pretreated with 5 mg / kg sertraline.

Sertraline has been shown to augment the locomotor stimulatory effect of amphetamine by decreasing the metabolism of amphetamine, perhaps via actions on cytochrome P450 isozymes.

Sertraline had a slight inhibitory effect on the metabolism of diazepam, tolbutamide and warfarin, which are CYP2C9 or CYP2C19 substrates ; this effect was not considered to be clinically relevant.

Sertraline had no effect on the actions of digoxin and atenolol, which are not metabolized in the liver.

Sertraline is primarily a serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SRI ), with a binding affinity ( K < sub > i </ sub >) of 3. 3 nM.

Sertraline molecule Sertraline is also a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, with a K < sub > i </ sub >= 315 nM, a σ < sub > 1 </ sub > receptor agonist with 5 % of its SRI potency, and an α < sub > 1 </ sub >- adrenoreceptor antagonist with 1 – 10 % of its SRI potency.

Research into the essential oils of some Ocotea species has demonstrated that the compounds can have anti-fungal and antimicrobial properties.

The decision-making participants are the Consultative Parties and, in addition to the 12 original signatories, include 16 countries that have demonstrated their interest in Antarctica by carrying out substantial scientific activity there.

Ampicillin ( originally branded as ' Penbritin ') also demonstrated activity against Gram-negative organisms such as H. influenzae, coliforms and Proteus spp.

In 2005, C. Davis and C. Johnson, working at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, UK, demonstrated that the Es layer was indeed enhanced as a result of lightning activity.

In the late 19th century, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Johannes Peter Müller, and Hermann von Helmholtz demonstrated that neurons were electrically excitable and that their activity predictably affected the electrical state of adjacent neurons.

The addition of the C6 fluorine atom has since been demonstrated to not be required for the antibacterial activity of this class ( circa 1997 ).

It has been speculated that this template switching activity of Reverse Transcriptase, which can be demonstrated completely in vivo, may have been one of the causes for finding several thousand unannotated transcripts in the genomes of model organisms.

No enzymatic activity could be demonstrated that catalyzes this reaction.

In November 2005, data from a phase 2 study of an investigational HIV integrase inhibitor, MK-0518, demonstrated that the compound has potent antiviral activity.

An aqueous extract of Calendula officinalis obtained by a novel extraction method has demonstrated anti-tumor ( cytotoxic ) activity and immunomodulatory properties ( lymphocyte activation ) in vitro, as well as anti-tumor activity in mice.

Even earlier activity is demonstrated by the presence of large pieces of ' megalithic ' anthropomorphic stelai built into these walls, which, so far, have no parallels in the Aegean area.

Brain activity in individuals suffering from chronic pain, measured via electroencephalogram ( EEG ), has been demonstrated to be altered, suggesting pain-induced neuroplastic changes.

The only other significant activity on the hill top after the Romans was a short period of cultivation in the 17th century, as demonstrated by traces of ridge and furrow caused by ploughing.

The vulnerability of New Zealand to Axis naval activity was demonstrated when a submarine-launched Japanese float plane overflew Wellington and Auckland — where it was chased ineffectually by a Tiger Moth.

However, in 1731 seven verderers became so concerned by the increase in activity that they signed an affidavit which demonstrated their worries.

No enzmyatic activity could be demonstrated that catalyzes this reaction.

In their study, women who said that sexual activity was important to the quality of their lives and relationships demonstrated low desire, while women who placed less emphasis on sexual activity in their lives demonstrated high desire.

A 2009 fMRI study looking at the temporal sequence of activation of components of a cortical network associated with voluntary movement in normal individuals demonstrated " an anterior-to-posterior temporal gradient of activity from supplemental motor area through premotor and motor cortices to the posterior parietal cortex ".

Feré demonstrated the exosomatic method of recording of skin electrical activity by passing a small current through the skin in 1888.

Sargent, Green, and Walters ( 1972, 1973 ) demonstrated that hand-warming could abort migraines and that autogenic biofeedback training could reduce headache activity.

In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated an important role for functional neuroimaging in the identification of residual cognitive function in persistent vegetative state ; this technology is providing new insights into cerebral activity in patients with severe brain damage.