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Shōen appeared in the eighth century and disappeared in the sixteenth century.
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Shōen and century
Shōen holders had access to manpower and, as they obtained improved military technology ( such as new training methods, more powerful bows, armor, horses, and superior swords ) and faced worsening local conditions in the ninth century, military service became part of shōen life.
Shōen, from about the 8th to the late 15th century, describes any of the private, tax-free, often autonomous estates or manors whose rise undermined the political and economic power of the emperor and contributed to the growth of powerful local clans.
Shōen and .
He was in position to edict several laws and regulations ( most notably the Enkyū Shōen Regulation Decree ) during his rule, thus weakening the regency.
Shōen feudal estates were established across the three provinces, and the region became an important source of tax revenue, agricultural and other products to the capital in Kyoto.
Nichinan began as part of the Fujiwara Shōen in the Heian period.
* Shōen -- the form of Japanese fiefdom that developed after the Taika Reforms.
Shōen of the second type, which continued from the middle of Heian period to the Sengoku period, are called chūsei-shōen ( 中世荘園, lit.
Shōen composed primarily of newly reclaimed land characterized shoki shōen, and accordingly shoki-shōen are sometimes called kondenchi-kei-shōen ( 墾田地系荘園, lit.
* Amino Yoshihiko et al., Shōen no seiritsu to ryōyū 荘園の成立と領有 Rise of Japanese Manors and their Territorial Rights, ( Kōza Nihon shōen shi 講座日本荘園史, 2 ), Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1991 ; ISBN 4-642-02692-4.
appeared and eighth
He ended up walking in the eighth inning and the streak appeared over.
Sideshow Bob first appeared in the background of a scene in " The Telltale Head ", the eighth episode of season one.
* This was the eighth of ten films written by Preston Sturges that William Demarest appeared in.
She appeared on the live finale of the eighth season of American Idol on May 20, 2009, performing a duet of " Time After Time " with top-13 finalist Allison Iraheta, accompanying the song on Appalachian dulcimer.
However, because the hook appeared on the eighth note ( or quaver ) in the later white notation, the modern French term croche refers to an eighth note.
Mazar appeared on a Friends episode in its eighth season (" The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part One ").
In 1972, Brel appeared in his eighth feature film, Le bar de la fourche ( The Bar at the Crossing ), directed by Alain Levent, and co-starred Rosy Varte and Isabelle Huppert.
Verhoeven gamely appeared in person at the Razzies ceremony to accept his award for Worst Director ; Showgirls would later win an eighth Razzie Award for Worst Picture of the Last Decade in 2000.
And when it came to the long, heaped-up of the eighth month, Ruatapu appeared with his war party of three persons: the war party were Te Ihinga Shuddering, Te Warenga Curling-over, and Te Marara Dispersing.
The next three avatars appeared in the Treta Yuga, the eighth descent in the Dvapara Yuga and the ninth in the Kali Yuga.
He appeared in the eighth episode of season 5 of Burn Notice.
He missed hitting for the cycle by about 40 feet, when he retreated to second base on what appeared to be a sure triple in the eighth inning with the Kansas City Royals leading by a 12-6 score.
The fictionalization of Münchhausen began in 1781 – 1783, when seventeen tall tales attributed to him appeared in the eighth and ninth volumes of the Vademecum fur lustige Leute.
In May 2002, he appeared as a contestant on the first series of the British reality TV show I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here !, where he finished in eighth place.
The third and fourth volumes appeared in 1851, fifth and sixth in 1857, and seventh, eighth, and ninth in 1864.
Browder's former Farscape co-star Claudia Black appeared on SG-1 in the eighth season episode entitled " Prometheus Unbound " and again during the first episodes of the ninth season before becoming a regular cast member on the series at the beginning of its tenth season in 2006.
His 101 career victories ranks sixth all-time for Phillies pitchers, 20th in ERA ( 3. 35 ), 23rd in games appeared in ( 242 ), sixth in games started ( 226 ), 34th in complete games ( 61 ), 13th in shutouts ( 14 ), fourth in strikeouts ( 1554 ), and eighth in innings pitched ( 1659. 1 ).
He also appeared in the eighth season of The Office playing Andy Bernard's dad in the episode " Garden Party ".
He first appeared in the World Rally Championship with Ford during the 1987 season, finishing seventh at the Tour de Corse and eighth at the RAC Rally.
He appeared in episode " List of My Family episodes # Series Nine ( 2009 ) | The Guru ", which is the eighth episode of series nine.
He appeared on the series during its eighth and final season ( 1991 – 1992 ).
In the eighth inning, Feller and Boudreau appeared to have picked off the Braves ' Phil Masi but umpire Bill Stewart ruled he was safe.
Turturro appeared in the eighth season episode " Car Periscope ," of Curb Your Enthusiasm.
In November 2008 Mallett appeared in the eighth series of I'm A Celebrity ... Get Me Out Of Here !.
appeared and century
The general intellectual outlook which had appeared in the eleventh century was now consolidated to a significant degree.
The term Ethiopian Ocean sometimes appeared until the mid-19th century.
The Mitanni appeared in the 17th century BC and spoke an Indo-Aryan language related to the Indo-European languages eventually to be found in India.
Aphrodite figures as a secondary character in the Tale of Eros and Psyche, which first appeared as a digressive story told by an old woman in Lucius Apuleius ' novel, The Golden Ass, written in the second century AD.
The term first appeared in the Russian documents in the seventeenth century in documents from 1688, 1700 and 1714.
In early eighteen century term appeared in Ukranian documents, where it sounded like " balabaika ".
A portrait of Broadway in the early part of the 20th century and " The Great White Way " late at night appeared in " Artist In Manhattan "( 1940 ) written by the painter-writer Jerome Myers:
Croatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century.
Taking boats through these used large amounts of water leading to conflicts with watermill owners and to correct this, the pound or chamber lock first appeared, in 10th century in China and in Europe in 1373 in Vreeswijk, Netherlands.
The first newspaper comic strips appeared in North America in the late 19th century.
Castrati first appeared in Italy in the mid-16th century, though at first the terms describing them were not always clear.
Low periods of the Nile during the 11th century continued to add to the landscape of Cairo ; a new island, known as Geziret al-Fil, first appeared in 1174, but eventually became connected to the mainland.
The word clock ( from the Celtic words clocca and clogan, both meaning " bell "), which gradually supersedes " horologe ", suggests that it was the sound of bells which also characterized the prototype mechanical clocks that appeared during the 13th century in Europe.
Pregnancy testing was conducted in the mid-20th century by injecting urine from a woman into a male toad's lymph sacs, and if spermatozoa appeared in the toad's urine, the patient was deemed to be pregnant.
The form of kingdom which appeared in Constantine's reign continued in much the same way until the Davidian Revolution in the 12th century.
The Luttrell Psalter, dating to around 1340, describes a grindstone rotated by two cranks, one at each end of its axle ; the geared hand-mill, operated either with one or two cranks, appeared later in the 15th century ;
Castes appeared among the Malinke people no later than 14th century, and was present among the Wolof and Soninke, as well as some Songhay and Fulani populations, no later than 16th century.
Omniglot goes so far as to assert " Corsican first appeared in writing towards the end of the 19th century ...." Throughout the 19th and 18th century there was a steady stream of writers in Corsican, many of whom wrote also in other languages.
Catharism (; from, katharos, pure ) was a name given to a Christian religious movement with dualistic and gnostic elements that appeared in the Languedoc region of France and other parts of Europe in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries.
For example, in the 19th century, the Sun appeared to be no more than 20 million years old, but the Earth appeared to be no less than 300 million years ( resolved by the discovery of nuclear fusion and radioactivity, and the theory of quantum mechanics ); or current attempts to resolve theoretical differences between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Although recognized previously by others, the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, in connection with the theory of water wheels, Early in the 20th century, the term Coriolis force began to be used in connection with meteorology.
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