Shanggu yin yanjiu 上古音研究 ( Tsinghua Journal of Chinese Studies 1971, 9: 1 – 61 ).

He then settled the Wuhuan in five districts ( Shanggu, Youyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong ) created on the northern Chinese border in order to make them observe the movements of the Xiongnu.

After finishing serving his sentence, he was appointed Administrator of Shanggu ( 上谷 ) and later Administrator of Hanyang ( 漢陽 ).

In Hanyu Pinyin, the four tones of Mandarin Chinese are denoted by the macron ( first tone ), acute ( second tone ), caron ( third tone ) and grave ( fourth tone ) diacritics.

Compare these transcriptions of Chinese 道: Wade – Giles tao or tao < sup > 4 </ sup > ( marking 4th tone ), Legge romanization tâo, Latinxua Sin Wenz dau, Yale Romanization dàu, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II dau, Hanyu Pinyin dào, Tongyong Pinyin daˋo, Gwoyeu Romatzyh or National Romanization daw, Zhuyin fuhao ㄉㄠ, and Cyrillic Palliday system дао.

However, Hanyu Pinyin has been gaining ground as the international standard for Chinese romanization.

Others prefer pinyin-based Daoism because of growing acceptance internationally of Hanyu Pinyin as the standard romanization for Chinese, as reflected in other recent spelling changes such as the pinyin Beijing that replaced the Wade Pei-ching or Chinese Postal Map Romanization Peking.

* The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi ( HSK ), a standardized test of Mandarin Chinese

For example, the Chinese Hanyu Da Zidian dictionary defines 39 meanings for dào 道 " way ; path " and 6 for dǎo 道 ( 導 ) " guide ; lead ".

* Chinese Romanization Converter – Convert between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade – Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or ( un -) common Romanization systems.

* Pinyin4j: Java library supporting Chinese to Wade-Giles – Support Simplified and Traditional Chinese ; Support most popular Pinyin systems, including Hanyu Pinyin, Tongyong Pinyin, Wade – Giles, MPS2, Yale and Gwoyeu Romatzyh ; Support multiple pronunciations of a single character ; Support customized output, such as ü or tone marks.

* Chinese language ( 漢語 Hanyu ) or Chinese characters ( 漢字 Hanzi ) or Chinese written language ( 漢文 Hanwen )

Chinese people interacting with others who do not know characters romanize their names in a variety of ways, although Hanyu Pinyin is now the standard in both mainland China and Taiwan.

In mainland China, Chinese names have been romanized using the Hanyu Pinyin system since 1958.

As a result the terms Zhongwen ( 中文 ) and Hanyu ( 汉语 / 漢語 ) in Chinese are both translated in English as " Chinese ".

By contrast, the Republic of China government translated it as " Zhonghua Taipei " ( traditional chinese: 中華台北 or 中華臺北, Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Táiběi ) in Chinese, which references the term " China " as the cultural or ethnic entity, rather than the state.

Simplified Chinese characters (; Pinyin: Jiǎntǐzì ) are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Xiandai Hanyu Tongyong Zibiao ( List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese ) for use in mainland China.

In Mandarin Chinese it is Hanyu Pinyin: Guan Wade-Giles: Kuan.

* kē in Hanyu pinyin, written 柯 in Chinese

Named for the 100th anniversary of the Peking University ( Hanyu Pinyin: Běijīng Dàxué ), one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China.

While at school in Hong Kong he got the name Yat Sen ( 逸仙 ; Hanyu pinyin: Yìxiān ).

Herman Li (, Hanyu Pinyin: Lǐ Kāng Mǐn ; ( born October 3, 1976 in Hong Kong ) is a Chinese-British musician and record producer.

The lone survivor, Huang Yu (, Hanyu Pinyin: Huáng Yù, Cantonese: Wong Yu ), was brought to court by the Macau police, but the Macau court suggested that the prosecution should be brought in Hong Kong instead, since the plane was registered in Hong Kong and most of the passengers were from there.

* Huangwu ( 黃武 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Huángwǔ ; Huang-wu in Wade-Giles spelling ) 222 – 229

* Huanglong ( 黃龍 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Huánglóng ; Huang-lung in Wade-Giles spelling ) 229 – 231

* Jiahe ( 嘉禾 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāhé ; Chia-ho in Wade-Giles spelling ) 232 – 238

* Chiwu ( 赤烏 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Chìwū ; Chih-wu in Wade-Giles spelling ) 238 – 251

* Taiyuan ( 太元 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Taìyuán ; Tai-yuan in Wade-Giles spelling ) 251 – 252

Guo Ziyi ( Traditional Chinese: 郭子儀, Simplified Chinese: 郭子仪, Hanyu Pinyin: Guō Zǐyí, Wade-Giles: Kuo Tzu-i ) ( 697 – July 9, 781 < ref >

Sun Yaoting ( Traditional Chinese: 孫耀庭, Simplified Chinese: 孙耀庭, Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Yàotíng, Wade-Giles: Sun Yao-t ' ing ; December 29, 1902 – December 17, 1996 ) was the last surviving imperial eunuch of Chinese history.

Ignatius Pin-Mei Kung ( Simplified Chinese: 龚品梅 ; Traditional Chinese: 龔品梅 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Gōng Pǐnméi ; Wade-Giles: Kung P ' in-mei ) ( August 2, 1901 – March 12, 2000 ) was the Roman Catholic bishop of Shanghai in China from 1950 until his death, spending 30 years in Chinese prisons for defying attempts by China's communist government to control Roman Catholics through state control.

Seah Eu Chin ( 1805 – 1883 ; also spelt Siah U-chin, Seah Uchin, Seah You Chin ; in Hanyu Pinyin: Shé Yǒujìn ; 佘有进 ) was an immigrant from South China to Singapore, later becoming a successful merchant and leader in the Chinese community.

The denomination and the words " People's Bank of China " are also printed in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang on the back of each banknote, in addition to the boldface Hanyu Pinyin " Zhongguo Renmin Yinhang " ( without tones ).

By regular Hanyu Pinyin rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighbouring province of Shanxi, to the east of Shaanxi, should be spelled " Shanxi "; the difference is in tone: Shānxī ( 山西 ) and Shǎnxī ( 陕西 ).

# Hanyu Pinyin ( since January 1, 2009 ).

* Tongyong uses tone marks like Zhuyin, and not like Hanyu, i. e., Tongyong has no mark for the first tone, but a dot for the neutral tone ( which is optional on computers ).

However, this argument is contradicted by internal inconsistencies in Tongyong Pinyin ( for example, in the use of the letter " c " in Tongyong Pinyin to represent the sound, represented by " q " in Hanyu Pinyin ).

" Qing Dynasty " ( Hanyu ) and " Ch ' ing Dynasty " ( Wade-Giles ) can now also be spelled as " Cing Dynasty " ( Tongyong ).

" Zhou Dynasty " ( Hanyu ) or " Chou Dynasty " ( Wade-Giles ) can now also be spelled as " Jhou Dynasty " ( Tongyong ).

The earliest usage of tianlong 天龍 " heavenly dragon ", according to the Hanyu Da Cidian, is in the Xinxu 新序 " New Prefaces " by Liu Xiang ( 79-8 BCE ).

Kaoliang jiu ( Hanyu Pinyin: gāoliáng jiǔ ) ( literally " sorghum liquor "; often called simply kaoliang or sorghum wine ) is a strong distilled liquor, made from fermented sorghum ( which is called gāoliáng in Chinese ).

In Taiwan, commercially operated handcars were called either light railway line ( Traditional Chinese: 輕便線 ; Hanyu Pinyin: qīngbiàn-xiàn ), hand-pushed light railway line ( 手押輕便線 ; shǒuyā qīngbiàn-xiàn ), hand-pushed tramway ( 手押軌道 ; shǒuyā guǐdào ), or most commonly, hand-pushed wagon ( 手押臺車 ; shǒuyā táichē ).

At that time he was given the Dharma name Hui Han ( 慧瀚 ; Hanyu Pinyin: Huihan ).

Inotera Memories, Inc. ( Traditional Chinese: 華亞科技, Hanyu Pinyin: huā yǎ kē jì ), incorporated on January 2003 as a joint venture between Nanya Technology Corporation and Infineon ( later Qimonda ).