Examples of this type include most of the descendants of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá during Shoghi Effendi's time.

After Bahiyyih Khanum died in 1932, Shoghi Effendi's eldest sister -- Ruhangiz -- married a son of Siyyid Ali Afnan.

) Through Ruhangiz's efforts, Shoghi Effendi's other sister and his cousin Thurayya also married sons of Siyyid Ali Afnan.

Ruhi Afnan, Shoghi Effendi's cousin through ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's daughter Tuba:

Concerning Munib Shahid, Shoghi Effendi's cousin through ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's daughter Ruha, Shoghi Effendi sent the following cable to the Bahá ' í world in November 1944:

Under Shoghi Effendi's direction, National Spiritual Assemblies were formed, and many thousands of Local Spiritual Assemblies sprang up as the Bahá ' í Faith spread around the globe.

A sample of Shoghi Effendi's signature.

: See also: Shoghi Effendi's writings

Shoghi Effendi's personal life was largely subordinate to his work as Guardian of the religion.

While Shoghi Effendi and Rúhíyyih Khanum never had children, Rúhíyyih Khanum became his constant companion and helpmate ; in 1941, she became Shoghi Effendi's principal secretary in English.

After Shoghi Effendi's death, Rúhíyyih Khanum published parts of her personal diaries to show glimpses of Shoghi Effendi's life.

Throughout Shoghi Effendi's life, nearly all remaining family members and descendants of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá were expelled by him as covenant-breakers when they didn't abide by Shoghi Effendi's request to cut contact with covenant-breakers, as specified by ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

Shoghi Effendi's resting place in London at the New Southgate Cemetery

Shoghi Effendi's death came unexpectedly in London, on 4 November 1957, as he was travelling to Britain and caught the Asian Flu, during the pandemic which killed two million worldwide, and he is buried there in New Southgate Cemetery.

In Shoghi Effendi's final message to the Baha ' i World, dated October 1957, he named the Hands of the Cause of God, " the Chief Stewards of Bahá ' u ' lláh's embryonic World Commonwealth.

" Consequently, following Shoghi Effendi's passing, the Bahá ' í Faith was temporarily stewarded by the Hands of the Cause, who elected among themselves 9 " Custodians " to serve in Haifa as the head of the Faith.

This stewardship oversaw the execution of the final years of Shoghi Effendi's ordinances of the ten year crusade ( which lasted until 1963 ) culminating and transitioning to the election and establishment of the Universal House of Justice, at the first Baha ' i World Congress in 1963.

In 1973, on the occasion of the centenary of the revelation of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, the Universal House of Justice released a Synopsis and Codification of the text, which was supplemented by 21 passages of the Aqdas that had already been translated by Shoghi Effendi.

The book was divided into six main themes in the Synopsis and Codification by Shoghi Effendi:

On the basis of the authority granted ` Abdu ' l-Bahá he extended forms of the authority vested in him to the Guardianship, who's sole member was Shoghi Effendi, and the Universal, or International, House of Justice through his Will and Testament.

Later, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi clarified that monogamy was the intent of the paragraph.

He was the architect for the Bahá ' í Houses of Worship in Uganda and Australia, and Shoghi Effendi approved his design of the unbuilt House of Worship in Haifa, Israel.

When Shoghi Effendi died in 1957, he died without explicitly appointing a successor Guardian, and Remey was among the nine Hands of the Cause elected as an interim authority until the election of the first Universal House of Justice in 1963.

They reasoned that he lacked a formal appointment from Shoghi Effendi, and that the office was confined to male descendants of Bahá ' u ' lláh, the Aghsan.

His claim resulted in the largest schism in the history of the Bahá ' í Faith, with a few groups still holding the belief that Remey was the successor of Shoghi Effendi.

Upon the request of Shoghi Effendi, he also provided designs for a Bahá ' í House of Worship in Tehran, for Haifa, and the Shrine of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, however only the Haifa temple was approved before the death of Shoghi Effendi, and none have so far been built.

Three years later, in 1960, Remey made a written announcement that his appointment as president of the international council represented an appointment by Shoghi Effendi as Guardian, because the appointed council was a precursor to the elected Universal House of Justice, which has the Guardian as its president.

His claim was rejected by the 26 remaining Hands, on the basis that he was not a descendant of Bahá ' u ' lláh, nor was he appointed to the position by Shoghi Effendi.

Sho < u > gh </ u > í Effendí Rabbání ( March 1, 1897 – November 4, 1957 ), better known as Shoghi Effendi, was the Guardian and appointed head of the Bahá ' í Faith from 1921 until his death in 1957.

Shoghi Effendi was referred to as the Guardian, and held the explicit authority to interpret the writings of the three central figures of the religion and define the sphere of legislative authority.

Born in ` Akká in March 1897, Shoghi Effendi was related to the Báb through his father, Mírzá Hádí Shírází, and to Bahá ' u ' lláh through his mother, Ḍíyá ' íyyih Khánum, the eldest daughter of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

From the early years of his life, Shoghi Effendi was greatly influenced by ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, who provided much of his initial training.

It was also ` Abdu ' l-Bahá who insisted that the appellation given to the child should be " Shoghi Effendi ", (" Effendi " signifies " Sir "), rather than simply " Shoghi ", as a mark of respect towards him.

From his early years, Shoghi Effendi was introduced to the suffering which accompanied the Bahá ' ís in Akká, including the attacks by Mírzá Muhammad ` Alí against ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

At one point, Shoghi Effendi was warned not to drink coffee in the homes of any of the Bahá ' ís in the fear that he would be poisoned.

Dr. Baghdadi reports that when Shoghi Effendi was only 5 years old, he was pestering his grandfather to write a tablet for him, which was common for ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

In ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's Will and Testament, He appointed Shoghi Effendi as the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith, called for the eventual election of the Universal House of Justice, and defined in the same manner opposition to these two institutions as Covenant-Breaking.

Followers of Subh-i-Azal, Bahá ' u ' lláh's half-brother who tried to poison him, engaged in active opposition to Bahá ' ís, and Shoghi Effendi did inform Bahá ' ís that they should avoid contact with his descendants, writing that " No intelligent and loyal Baha ' i would associate with a descendant of Azal, if he traced the slightest breath of criticism of our Faith, in any aspect, from that person.

Through the influence of Bahiyyih Khanum, the eldest daughter of Bahá ' u ' lláh, everyone in the household initially rallied around Shoghi Effendi after the death of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

Concerning his own brother Husayn, Shoghi Effendi sent the following cable to the Bahá ' í world in April 1945:

Almost all of Bahá ' ís accepted the determination of the Hands of the Cause that upon the death of Shoghi Effendi, he died " without having appointed his successor ".

The largest group of the remaining followers of Remey, members of the so called " Orthodox Bahá ' í Faith ", believe that legitimate authority passed from Shoghi Effendi to Mason Remey to Joel Marangella.

Shoghi Effendi also stated that certain other laws, such as criminal laws, that are dependent upon the existence of a predominantly Bahá ' í society would only be applicable in a possible future Bahá ' í society.

Through the authority vested in ` Abdu ' l-Bahá in the Aqdas there is an expanse of internationalism related to the law in works like The Secret of Divine Civilization and through his extended authority to Shoghi Effendi works like his World Order of Bahá ' u ' lláh further elaborates on the internationalism theme.

However, in 1960 Remey declared himself to be the successor of Shoghi Effendi, and expected the allegiance of the world's Bahá ' ís.

Shoghi Effendi recorded that Remey and his Bahá ' í companion, Howard Struven, were the first Bahá ' ís to circle the globe teaching the religion.

In January 1951, Shoghi Effendi issued a proclamation announcing the formation of the International Bahá ' í Council ( IBC ), representing the first international Bahá ' í body.

The basis of the dispute is over the identity of the Bahá ' í Guardian, a term referring to the appointed head of the religion, an executive hereditary office held by Shoghi Effendi from 1921 to 1957.

Following the unexpected death of the Bahá ' í Faith's first Guardian Shoghi Effendi in 1957, the 27 living Hands of the Cause, having the responsibility to acknowledge any appointment of a successor, gathered and decided that he had died " without having appointed his successor ," and that the Universal House of Justice would decide on the situation after its first election.