King Wenceslaus, prompted by his grudge against Sigismund, at first gave free vent to his indignation at the course of events in Constance ; and his wife openly favored the friends of Huss.

In 1611, John Sigismund traveled from Köningsberg to Warsaw, where on 16 November 1611 he gave feudal homage to Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland ( the Duchy of Prussia was a Polish fief at the time ).

John Sigismund gave the Reichshof Castrop to his teacher and educator Carl Friedrich von Bordelius, whereas he received the territories of Cleves, Mark, and Ravensberg in the Treaty of Xanten in 1614.

Sigismund gave his most loyal friend Stibor of Stiboricz order to set up the attack on Poland.

Sigismund and many Polish magnates attempted to exploit the Muscovite civil war ( the Time of Troubles ), and after a lengthy war the 1618 Truce of Deulino gave some territorial concessions to the Commonwealth ( mainly the Smoleńsk Voivodship ).

They gave Konavle to the Republic of Ragusa and Dubrovnik started to rile up Kotor and other Dalmatian cities from the King's rule, asking them to reaccept the supreme rule of the Hungarian King Sigismund, but they refused.

The emperor gave the saint's name to one of his son, the later King Sigismund of Hungary ( who also became decades later King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor ).

Shortly later, or about 1433 AD, Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis gave the town along with other towns to Jonas Gostautas, and it became the most important power seat of that Lithuanian magnate Gostautai family clan.

Stanczyk, the court jester to King Sigismund I ( 1437 – 1548 ), to whom Matejko gave his own features.

King Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, as part of treat with Serbian ruler Despotus Stefan Lazarević, gave him Baia Sprie as a gift, at 1411., until Depotus ' death in 1426.

In 1484, Emperor Sigismund bestowed upon Burkhard von Ellerbach the right to hold regular markets, Laupheim thereby becoming a market town, and also the privilege of inflicting high justice, which gave him the right to hold a criminal court inflicting bodily punishment, including the death penalty.

During her incarceration, Catherine gave birth first to her eldest daughter Isabella of Finland in 1564 ( died 1566 ), then to her son Sigismund in 1566, and finally her youngest child Anna Vasa of Sweden on 17 May 1568.

Sweden's involvement into the Russian affairs gave Sigismund III Vasa a pretext to declare war on Russia.

In 1425 one of the family's descendants, Miklós Ördög Prodavizi, gave the estate to King Sigismund () in exchange for other properties.

Charles ' involvement west of the Rhine gave him no reason to attack the confederates as Sigismund had wanted, but his embargo politics against the cities of Basel, Strasbourg, and Mulhouse, directed by his reeve Peter von Hagenbach, prompted these to turn to Bern for help.

In 1404, Sigismund gave Lazarević land in the present-day Vojvodina ( and Pannonian part of present-day Belgrade ), including Zemun ( today part of Belgrade ), Slankamen, Kupinik, Mitrovica, Bečej, and Veliki Bečkerek.

Amalia was 21 years of age when she gave birth to Sigmund Freud ( named Sigismund ).

After the visit was finished, the Duke and his wife Anna gave a lot of presents to Sigismund including a coat, a hat and gloves made of sable-skin and embroiled with gold.

As a reward, Sigismund II August, king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, gave him the town of Kovel in Volhynia ( Ukraine ), where he lived peacefully, defending his Orthodox subjects from Polish encroachments.

At the Council of Constance in 1415, King Sigismund gave the city the right of higher judgment, that is, the right of execution at a blood court.

In 1417, Hungarian king Sigismund gave Székelyhíd the right of organizing a fair.

* 1594 – Having already inherited the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through his mother Catherine Jagellonica of Poland in 1587, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, having succeeded his father John III of Sweden in 1592.

In 1386, Jadwiga's mother Elizabeth and her sister Queen Mary of Hungary were kidnapped, probably on the order of Mary's husband and consort Sigismund.

Emperor Sigismund himself was an heir of Casimir III, as eldest son of his mother Elisabeth of Pomerania, who was since 1377 the only surviving child of Elisabeth of Poland, herself daughter of Casimir III from his first marriage with Aldona Gediminaite of Lithuania.

Mary's mother contemplated taking up arms, and civil war was avoided only when she agreed to absolve the nobles from their oaths to Mary and Sigismund.

Sigismund fled to his brother's court in Prague and, following Mary's abdication, Charles was crowned on 31 December, with Mary and her mother forced to attend his coronation.

Mary never forgave Sigismund for the death of her beloved mother, despite his claim to have punished her murderers, and they subsequently lived separate lives and had separate households.

In 1457, Albert arranged a marriage between his eldest son John, and Margaret, daughter of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia, who inherited the claims upon Hungary and Bohemia of her mother, a granddaughter of Emperor Sigismund.

Although Sweden had become Protestant by this time, Sigismund remained a Catholic, the religion of his mother.

His mother, Katarzyna Jagiellonka, was the daughter of Sigismund I the Old and his wife Bona Sforza.

Sigismund was at that time already king of the Polish throne, through his mother, and he would rule Poland from 1587 to 1632.

Duke Sigismund of Sweden, the son of John III, was brought up by his mother in the Catholic religion.

In 523 – 24, possibly at the instigation of his mother Clotilde, who was eager to avenge her nephew who had been assassinated by Sigismund of Burgundy, Chlodomer joined with his brothers in an expedition against the Burgundians.

* Elisabeth of Austria ( 1436-1505 ), consort of Casimir IV Jagiellon and mother of Kings John I, Alexander and Sigismund I of Poland and Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia

Catherine became the wife of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future King Sigismund III Vasa of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

She also funded several distinguished tomb monuments in the Wawel Cathedral, including the monument of her brother King Sigismund Augustus and her own monument in Sigismund's Chapel ( both 1574 – 1575, Santi Gucci ) and her husband Stephen Báthory in the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary ( 1586, Santi Gucci ) as well as the tomb of mother Bona Sforza in the Basilica di San Nicola in Bari ( 1593 ).

Among the other claimants were Charles, Duke of Orléans, nephew of Filippo Maria through his mother Valentina Visconti, Filippo's cousins Albert and Sigismund of the House of Habsburg, great-grandsons of Bernabò Visconti, and Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, who declared that the Duchy reverted back to the Holy Roman Empire on the extinction of male heirs.

The duke was forced to consent to a condemnation of the teaching of Osiander, and the climax came in 1566 when the Estates appealed to King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, Albert's cousin, who sent a commission to Königsberg.

Mary was one year old when her father made a promise to Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV that she would marry his second son, Sigismund of Luxembourg.

* July 24 – The Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is dethroned by his uncle Duke Charles, who takes over as regent of the realm until 1604, when he becomes King Charles IX.

Tyrolean forces quickly seized silver mines in the Valsugana valley owned by Venice, and in April 1487 Sigismund outraged Venice further when he imprisoned 130 Venetian merchants traveling to the fair at Bozen ( modern Bolzano ) and confiscated their goods.

The bishops and secular leaders, tired of the Great Schism, supported Sigismund when he called the Council of Constance in 1414.

King Louis the Great of Hungary and Poland always had a good and close relationship with Emperor Charles IV, and Sigismund was betrothed to Louis ' eldest daughter Mary in 1374, when he was 6.

The Bohemians, who distrusted him as the betrayer of Hus, were soon in arms ; and the flame was fanned when Sigismund declared his intention of prosecuting the war against heretics.

The Polish wars against the Teutonic Knights ended in 1525, when Albert, Duke of Prussia, their marshal ( and Sigismund's nephew ), converted to Lutheranism, secularized the order, and paid homage to Sigismund.

The methodical use of sugar beets for the extraction of sugar dates to 1747, when Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, professor of physics in the Academy of Science of Berlin, discovered the existence of a sugar in beets similar in its properties to that obtained from sugar cane.

Legend has it that when King Sigismund II Augustus visited Gdańsk in 1549 after his coronation, part of the city's homage to the monarch was a gift of Goldwasser, and he is said to have sung the praises of the golden drink often along the rest of his tour.

In 523 Clotilde finally took revenge for the murder of her father, when she incited her sons against her cousin King Sigismund of Burgundy, the son of Gundobad, and provoked the Burgundian War, which led to Sigismund's deposition and imprisonment, and his assassination the following year.

Initially, King Sigismund backed Oswald, but when informed by the other side in the dispute, both Sigismund and Friedrich switched sides and reinstated bishop Ulrich.

On 19 July 1569, when Albert Frederick rendered King Sigismund II homage and was in return enfeoffed as Duke of Prussia in Lublin, the King simultaneously enfeoffed Joachim II and his descendants as co-heir.

Thus, in 1613, when John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg converted from Lutheranism to Calvinism, he could not exercise the principle of cuius regio, eius religio.

Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, through whose influence the council had been assembled, was absent during the whole of 1416 on a diplomatic mission in France and England ; but when he returned to Constance in January 1417, as the open ally of the English king, Hallam as Henry V's trusted representative obtained increased importance, and contrived to emphasize English prestige by delivering the address of welcome to Sigismund.

Sixteen days later the Articles of Kalmar, signed by John and Sigismund, regulated the future relations between the two countries when, in process of time, Sigismund should succeed his father as king of Sweden.

On March 6, 1604, when Duke John, son of John III of Sweden and brother of Sigismund III Vasa, formally renounced his hereditary right to the throne, Charles IX of Sweden styled himself king.

Bohemia obtained a temporary respite when, in 1422, Prince Sigismund Korybut of Lithuania ( nephew of King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland ) briefly became ruler of the country.

Large scale Polish involvement was ended in 1427 when Korybut was arrested by the Hussites after Polish plans to hand over the Hussite forces to Emperor Sigismund were discovered.

The accusation of host desecration gradually ceased after the Reformation when first Martin Luther in 1523 and then Sigismund August of Poland in 1558 were among those who repudiated the accusation.