Sima Qian stated, based on preceding Chinese records ( Bamboo Annals ), that the Xiongnu's ruling clan were descendants of Chunwei ( 淳維 " Chun tribes "), possibly a son of Jie, the final ruler of the legendary Xia Dynasty ( c. 2070 – 1600 BC ).

Of the elections in Afghanistan, Sima Samar, former Afghan Minister for Women's Affairs, stated, " This is not a democracy, it is a rubber stamp.

Miller stated that the phenomenon of claiming a distinct identity apart from the Jewish people appears to be no older than the 19th century, when he believed it appeared under the influence of such leaders as Avraham Firkovich and Sima Babovich as a means of escaping anti-Semitism.

Since Sima did not have enough money to atone his " crime ", he chose the latter and was then thrown into prison, where he endured three years.

In 238, when Gongsun Yuan was under attack by Wei's general Sima Yi, Sun Quan, despite his prior rage against Gongsun, correctly judged the situation as one where he might be able to take advantage if Sima Yi were initially unsuccessful, did not immediately refuse Gongsun's request for help.

While there is reason to doubt Sima Qian ’ s claim that Qin Shi Huang did in fact divide households into groups of ten, certainly the other examples of standardization and administrative organization undertaken by the First Emperor reflect the importance of Legalist thought in Qin law.

In a similar story recorded in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian ( or Shiji, compiled between 109 and 91 BC ), Jizi was enfeoffed by King Wu but did not become his subject.

Sima Qian did not mention Jizi in his section on contemporary Joseon ( i. e. northwestern Korea ), where Wei Man's kingdom had flourished since about 194 BC until it was conquered by the Han Dynasty in 108 BC.

Jiang Wei tried to restore Shu by persuading Zhong Hui to declare a rebellion against the de facto Wei ruler Sima Zhao, Zhong Hui agreed but after he did so, Zhong's own soldiers rebelled against him.

Late in the day, Chen Zhun ( 陳準 ), who secretly supported Sima Yun, persuaded Emperor Hui to give him a banner that showed imperial support and was able to deliver it to Sima Yun, but his messenger, a friend of Sima Lun's son Sima Qian ( 司馬虔 ), instead tricked Sima Yun into receiving the banner and, as he did, cut off his head.

In fall 303, Sima Yong, dissatisfied that his plan did not come to fruition, persuaded Sima Ying to again join him against Sima Ai.

Sima Yong tried to appease possible opposing forces by promoting all of the major princes and warlords, but his promotions did not have the desired effect.

Sima Lun accepted the plan and persuaded her to assassinate the crown prince, which she did in 300.

In 194, as Cao Cao did battle with Lü Bu, Sima Yi accompanied his family back to Wen district.

Sima, knowing this in advance, stayed in bed all night and did not move.

However, according to Weilüe, Cao Hong, Cao Cao's younger cousin, requested the presence of Sima in order to start a friendship with the latter, who did not have a very high opinion of Cao Hong and feigned illness by carrying a cane in order to avoid meeting him.

Only then did Sima officially enter Cao Cao's service.

Sima Yi did not trust him, and argued his case to Cao Pi, but his advice was not taken.

When Zhuge Liang finally did retreat, Sima Yi ordered Zhang He to pursue, who was ambushed and killed.

Although being challenged many times by Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi did not send his armies to attack.

In 315, Wang Dun was finally able to suppress the remaining agrarian rebels in the west, and began to show ambitions and act independently of Sima Rui.

Sima Rui quickly declared that he was going to act against Han Zhao, but then quickly claimed a lack of supplies and cancelled the campaign.

The giving of a military command to Wang Yu oddly drew a reaction from Wang Gong and Yin — as Wang Yu's command included four commanderies originally under the command of Yu Kai ( 庾楷 ), who became angry and managed to persuade Wang Gong and Yin that Sima Daozi's intention was to act against them as well.

Cao Fang, apprehensive, did not act on the suggestion, but the plot was still discovered, and Sima Zhao assisted his brother in deposing the emperor and replacing him with Cao Mao.

He gathered his associates Wang Shen ( 王沈 ), Wang Jing ( 王經 ), and Wang Ye and told them that, while he knew the chances of success were slight, he was going to act against Sima Zhao.

No one dared to act against Sima Zhao even in the aftermaths of the emperor's death, however, for Sima was effectively the imperial authority by this point.

This act that later drew heavy criticism from historians, such as Sima Guang in his Zizhi Tongjian, for its ungratefulness to Huo Guang.

South Korean scholar So Jin Cheol claim that Bu is not Yūryaku but Sima, who became King Muryeong of Baekje.

Sima Yan was born to Sima Zhao and his wife Wang Yuanji, daughter of the Confucian scholar Wang Su ( 王肅 ), in 236, as their oldest son.

The Qieyun zhizhangtu, incorrectly attributed to the 11th century scholar Sima Guang, was believed to be the oldest of the rime tables, and was used in the earliest reconstruction efforts.

Pang Tong rose to fame after he met Sima Hui, a reclusive scholar who named him as one of the great talents in southern Jing Province after spending a whole day chatting with him.

Like Sima Hui, Pang Tong was first introduced as a reclusive scholar in Xiangyang.

This claim was made by Jiao Yu in his Huolongjing Quanzhi ( Fire-drake Manual in One Complete Volume ), his preface written in 1412 AD ( although the book was originally published in the mid 14th century ), and that Zhuge had used not only " fire weapons " but land mines in the Battle of Hulugu Valley against the forces of Sima Yi and his son Sima Zhao of the Wei Kingdom.

Sima was the only person to defend Li Ling, who had never been his friend but whom he respected.

Emperor Han Wudi interpreted Sima ’ s defence of Li Ling as an attack on his brother-in-law, who had also fought against the Xiongnu without much success, and sentenced Sima to death.

Zhang read many of the great works of history in his day and claimed he had found ten instances where the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian ( 145 – 90 BC ) and the Book of Han by Ban Gu ( AD 32 – 92 ) differed from other ancient texts that were available to him.

* 1093: when the Chinese Empress Dowager Gao dies, the conservative faction that had followed Sima Guang is ousted from court, the liberal reforms of Wang Anshi reinstated, and Emperor Zhezong of Song halted all negotiations with the Tanguts of the Western Xia, resuming in armed conflict with them.

* Starting in the year 309 BC, the later Chinese historian Sima Qian ( 145 BC – 90 BC ) wrote that the Qin-employed engineer Bi Ling of the newly conquered State of Shu in Sichuan had the shoulder of a mountain cut through, making the ' Separated Hill ' that abated the Mo River, and excavated two canals in the plain of Chengdu.

The barbarian troops laid waste to the provinces they had temporarily occupied, as described by Sima Guang:

According to the Records of the Grand Historian by Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian, the practice was started by Duke Wu, the tenth ruler of Qin, who had 66 people buried with him in 678 BC.

Sima Qian was a methodical, skeptical historian who had access to ancient books, written on bamboo and wooden slips, from before the time of the Han Dynasty.

In 257, when Cao Wei was dealing with the rebellion of Zhuge Dan ( who had anticipated an usurpation by Sima Shi's brother and successor Sima Zhao and wanted to resist it ), Jiang Wei again attacked, this time advancing all the way to Mangshui ( 芒水 ; in present-day Xi ' an, Shaanxi ), but could not induce Wei's forces, commanded by Deng Ai and Sima Wang, to engage him in battle.

Jiang Wei quickly saw that Zhong Hui had other ideas — Zhong considered his abilities superior to all Wei generals, even Sima Zhao, and wanted to overthrow Sima.

Zhong Hui, after seizing Deng Ai's troops, realized that Sima Zhao had seen through his intentions, and declared a rebellion.

This event marked the collapse of imperial authority in Wei, as Cao Fang's role had been reduced to a puppet ruler while Sima Yi wielded state power firmly in his hands.

Sima was a particularly virulent anti-Semite who had become the nominal leader of the movement after the death of Corneliu Codreanu.

Sima was granted military authority, including command in defending Cao Wei from Eastern Wu's attack in 241, but he had no real authority on governance.

However, not long later, Sima had Cao Shuang and his family and associates executed on charges of treason.

In 252, Sima Shi led a campaign against Eastern Wu, whose founding emperor Sun Quan had recently died, and the current ruler Sun Liang was under Zhuge Ke's regency.

Cao Fang had endeared himself to the minister Li Feng, and Sima suspected that they were plotting against him.

Sima beat Li to death with a sword handle and accused Li and his associates Xiahou Xuan and Zhang Ji ( 張緝 ) of treason, and had them and their clans exterminated.