Since pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions, acids thus have pHs of less than 7.

* Since Big Brother 2, the UK series always opens with a twist which have included the public being able to choose the final housemate out of three possibilities ( Big Brother 2 ), the public voting for a housemate to leave during the first week and then the housemates choosing between the two housemates with the least number of votes ( Big Brother 3 ), First Night Nominations ( Big Brother 4 ), Suitcase Nominations ( Big Brother 5 ), Unlucky Housemate 13 ( Big Brother 6 ), Big Brother Hood ( Big Brother 7 ), an all-female House and the first inclusion of twins as contestants ( Big Brother 8 ), the first couple to enter as housemates and set a secret task to hide their real relationship ( Big Brother 9 ), all " housemates " really being " non-housemates " who had to earn their housemate status ( Big Brother 10 ), a mole entering the House with an " Impossible Task " ( Big Brother 11 ), Jackie Stallone entering a house containing her son's ex-wife ( Celebrity Big Brother 3 ), the entrance of a non-celebrity in a celebrity edition ( Celebrity Big Brother 4 ) and Jade Goody's family announced to be visiting.

Since 1971, when the Nixon administration decided to abolish fixed exchange rates, America's Current Account accumulated trade deficits have totaled $ 7. 75 Trillion as of 2010.

Since Version 0. 7 ( 2008 ), it offers two modes of operation: a darknet mode in which it connects only to friends, and an opennet-mode in which it connects to any other Freenet user.

Since Version 0. 7, Freenet offers two different levels of security: Opennet and Darknet.

Since World War II, the Red Sox have had 18 batting champions ( through 1989 )... Five to 7 points are a lot, given that there may be only a 15-or 20-point spread between a good hitting team and a poor hitting team.

Since there is no conclusive or certifiable evidence on Earth or elsewhere in the known universe of other intelligent life after 13. 7 billion years of the universe's history, we have the conflict requiring a resolution.

Since version 7. 0, support for " reversible debugging " — allowing a debugging session to step backward, much like rewinding a crashed program to see what happened — is available.

Since 2011, Luanda Province is divided into 7 municipalities:

Since Lowell astronomers thought Pluto was massive enough to perturb planets, they assumed that it should have an albedo of 0. 07 ( meaning that it reflected only 7 % of the light that hit it ); about as dark as asphalt and similar to that of Mercury, the least reflective planet known.

Since 1987, red wolves ( Canis rufus ) have been released into northeastern North Carolina where they roam 1. 7 million acres.

Since the end of the civil war in 2002 the economy is gradually recovering with a GDP growth rate between 4 and 7 %.

Since the Order ceremonies are always held during the hockey season, it took 13 years and 7 months — and two Governors General — before he could accept the honour.

Since the magic packet is only scanned for the string above, and not actually parsed by a full protocol stack, it may be sent as any network-and transport-layer protocol, although it is typically sent as a UDP datagram to port 7 or 9, or directly over Ethernet as EtherType 0x0842.

Since starting operations in 1978, IFAD has invested US $ 12. 0 billion, DM 7. 5 billion in 860 projects and programmes that have reached some 370 million poor rural people.

Since 1976 Wolpoff has graduated 14 Ph. D. students, 7 women and 7 men, all but two of whom have academic positions.

Since the Pope and the electors strongly objected to this agreement, another treaty was signed at Ulm on 7 January 1326, according to which Frederick would administer Germany as King of the Romans, while Louis would be crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in Italy.

Since then, all races have ended after dark, with the 2007 race ending in prime time, at 7: 07 pm ( EST ).

Since 2007, Aniston has worked in a publicity campaign for the drink SmartWater ; on March 7, 2011, she released a YouTube video, titled " Jennifer Aniston Goes Viral ", for SmartWater, tripling online interest in the product within 24 hours of the release.

Since the generator polynomial is of degree 8, this code has 7 data bits and 8 checksum bits.

Since privatisation extensions have been made to the tram system, with the $ 28 million extension of the 109 to Box Hill opening on 2 May 2003, a $ 7. 5 million extension along Docklands Drive in Docklands opened on 4 January 2005, and a $ 42. 6 million extension of the 75 to Vermont South opening on 23 July 2005.

Since she had to reach the canonical age of 7 before her betrothal in May 1303, and that of 12 before her marriage in January 1308, the evidence suggests that she was born between May and November 1295.

Since there are two elements in this remaining list, the median is their arithmetic mean, ( 3 + 7 )/ 2

Since it lacks a compiler, it cannot be used to produce executable files, although its program source code can still be compiled by a QuickBASIC 4. 5, PDS 7. x or VBDOS 1. 0 compiler, if available.

Since the July 2006 elections, the country is led by a semi-presidential, strongly-decentralized state.

Since 20 July 2004, ELDR is politically represented in the European Parliament by the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) parliamentary group, formed in conjunction with the European Democratic Party.

Since July 2007, following the 2006 Palestinian legislative election and the following Battle of Gaza, Hamas has functioned as the de-facto ruler in the Gaza Strip, forming an alternative Hamas Government in Gaza.

* Dubai, United Arab Emirates, ( Since 31 July 2011 ).

Since July 2012, Odyssey has been back in full, nominal operation mode following three weeks of ' safe ' mode on remote maintenance.

* Christine Clark, The British Malting Industry Since 1830, Hambledon Continuum ( 1 July 1998 ), ISBN 1-85285-170-8

Since 9 July 2009, the Prefect is Cardinal Angelo Amato, while the current secretary ( appointed 29 December 2010 ) is Archbishop Marcello Bartolucci

Since 1 July 2011, Woodlands Train Checkpoint serves as the southern terminus of the KTM rail network.

Since the secession of South Sudan in July 2011, estimates place the current population of Sudan at a little over 30 million.

Since late July 2010, when Fox began to broadcast their sports programming with graphics optimized for 16: 9 displays rather than the 4: 3 safe area, the network has asked cable and satellite providers to comply and use the No. 10 Active Format Description code they now send out over Fox programming, which has 16: 9 content display in letterboxed mode on 4: 3 screens and has graphical elements optimized for the 16: 9 screen.

Since 2001, extremes at Hereford Credenhill have ranged from during July 2006, to as low as during December 2010

Since in early July 1940 it was believed by both Hitler and Raeder that Britain would soon surrender, the decision to resume the Z Plan, which meant spending hundreds of millions of Reichsmarks building warships that would take at least five years to finish, reflected plans for an ultimate war with the United States.

Since July 2007, there has also been a complete audio edition of the news-magazine available 9pm London time on Thursdays.

Since July 2011 Chongqing is officially linked to Duisburg, Germany by a freight rail across Eurasia.

Since the bulk of both troops and aircraft were American, Brereton, a U. S. Army Air Forces officer, was named by Eisenhower on 16 July and appointed by SHAEF on 2 August.

Since these two concepts were irreconcilable, Mečiar and Klaus agreed ( after intense negotiations, but without having consulted the population in a referendum ) on 23 July in Bratislava to dissolve Czecho-Slovakia and to create two independent states.

Since July 1996, the group had launched a string of attacks on civilians ( whom they identified as Catholics ), killing at least five.

Since 1997, the magician and comedian Carl-Einar Häckner, together with Swedish and foreign guest artists and a variety orchestra, have had a main stage variety during most of July each season.

500 Index Drops to Its Lowest Level Since 1997, Bloomberg News, July 19, 2002

Since his election in July 1994 to a 5-year term as Belarus's first President Alexander Lukashenko has consolidated power steadily.

Since July 2012, FIDE issues a ratings list once every month.

Since that time, the Seventh-day Adventists have held an annual camp-meeting on the site in July, with up to 20, 000 attending on weekends.

Since signing a ceasefire agreement in 2001, the latest available UNICEF figures show that the LTTE has abducted 5, 666 children until July 2006, although the organization speculates that only about a third of such cases are reported to them.

Since July 2000, the President and Superintendent General of the Apostolic Faith Church has been Darrel D. Lee, who also pastors the headquarters church.