Since pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions, acids thus have pHs of less than 7.

Since the New Testament never counters this instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history.

Since the New Testament never condemns instruments themselves, much less in any of these settings, it is conceded that “ the church Fathers go beyond the New Testament in pronouncing a negative judgment on musical instruments .”

Since 1991, Croatia's death rate has continuously exceeded its birth rate ; the natural growth rate of the population is currently negative.

Since current can be the flow of either positive or negative charges, or both, a convention for the direction of current which is independent of the type of charge carriers is needed.

Since the electrons have a negative charge, they are repelled by the cathode and attracted to the anode.

Since the direction of an electric field is defined as the direction of the force on a positive charge, electric field lines point away from a positive charge and toward a negative charge.

Since the remainders decrease with every step but can never be negative, a remainder r < sub > N </ sub > must eventually equal zero, at which point the algorithm stops.

Since the kinetic energy is never negative, if the common convention is adopted of taking the potential energy as zero at infinite separation, the bound orbits have negative total energy, parabolic trajectories have zero total energy, and hyperbolic orbits have positive total energy.

Since E < sub > 2 </ sub >-E < sub > 1 </ sub > ≫ kT, it follows that the argument of the exponential in the equation above is a large negative number, and as such N < sub > 2 </ sub >/ N < sub > 1 </ sub > is vanishingly small ; i. e., there are almost no atoms in the excited state.

Since the remastered version was sourced from the original negative, which does not include the poetry reading, the additional footage was sourced from a 35 mm print of the film held by the BFI National Archive.

Since all matter and energy gravitate, gravity's effects are cumulative ; by contrast, the effects of positive and negative charges tend to cancel one another, making electromagnetism relatively insignificant on cosmological length scales.

* Since the water molecule is not linear and the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms, it carries a slight negative charge, whereas the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive.

Since the vacuum offered no medium for an electric fluid to travel, this discovery could only be explained via a particle carrying a negative charge and moving through the vacuum.

Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism, the term has tended to acquire acquired a negative connotation, and in much academic discourse become shorthand for Western feelings of superiority over, and overlooking of the views of, Asian and North African cultures.

Since this is negative, that factor is imaginary.

Since like charges repel and opposites attract, the electric field is directed away from positive charges and towards negative charges.

Since the supremum and infimum of an unbounded set of real numbers may not exist ( the reals are not a complete lattice ), it is convenient to consider sequences in the affinely extended real number system: we add the positive and negative infinities to the real line to give the complete totally ordered set, which is a complete lattice.

Since the mid-1990s, Eastman Kodak and Fujifilm have held a duopoly in the manufacture of 35 mm motion picture negative film.

Since the 1970s, the number of inhabitants has not changed significantly ; the relatively high migration to Nice is compensated by a natural negative growth of the population.

Since the psychohistorians ' model is analogous to the now discarded unilineal evolution theory, anthropologists have been critical of the negative value judgments, and the lineal progression, in the model currently advanced by psychohistorians as to what constitutes child abuse in primitive or non-Western cultures.

Since the first eclipse of 2000 BCE was not the first in its saros, it is necessary to extend the saros series numbers backwards beyond 0 to negative numbers to accommodate eclipses occurring in the years following 2000 BCE.

Since reactances can be negative, this denominator is easily minimized by making

Since its publication, the prose style and dialogue in Hemingway's novel have been the source of controversy and some negative critical reaction.

Since the relation between changes in Gibbs free energy ( G ), the enthalpy ( H ) and the entropy is

Since the interaction energies between A and B are almost equal, it follows that there is a very small overall energy ( enthalpy ) change when the substances are mixed.

Since the enthalpy of mixing ( solution ) is zero, the change in Gibbs free energy on mixing is determined solely by the entropy of mixing.

Since enthalpy is usually more important, entropy can often be ignored.

Since the water in the boiler is at a higher temperature and pressure ( enthalpy ) than boiling water would be at atmospheric pressure, some of this liquid will flash into vapor as the pressure drops by the rapid formation of steam bubbles throughout the water.

Since standard pressure saturated water has a specific enthalpy of just 418. 91 kJ / kg, the difference between the two specific enthalpies, 544. 8 kJ / kg, is the total energy expended in the explosion.

Since civilizational change is the most difficult to perceive and analyze, it seldom is given adequate attention.

Since electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus produces the effects of wakefulness while stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus induces sleep, it may be said that the reactivity of the whole organism is altered by a change in the autonomic reactivity of the hypothalamus.

Since the details of the elections were settled the change of government had no direct effect on the technical aspects of the elections, and may have been more important as an indication of royal displeasure with the U.N.F.P.

Since the change to better nutrition, he feels he can report on improvements in health, though he considers the following statements observations and not scientific proof.

( page 33 ) On the other hand, a little later on he says: `` Since 1692 a great but superficial change has wiped out God's beard and the Devil's horns, but the world is still gripped between two diametrically opposed absolutes.

Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.

Since 1977, New Zealand has celebrated Arbor Day on June 5, which is also World Environment Day, prior to then Arbor Day, in New Zealand, was celebrated on August 4 – which is rather late in the year for tree planting in New Zealand hence the date change.

Since the speed of sound varies with temperature, and is virtually stable with pressure change, sonic anemometers are also used as thermometers.

" Since no one in the raiding party is carrying any change, nor do they realize that there is nothing stopping them from simply riding around the tollbooth, Taggart sends someone back to town to " get a shitload of dimes ".

Since the shorts were produced during the rise of film noir in cinema, the change was usually represented as a stylized sequence: Clark Kent's silhouette is clearly seen behind a closed door's pebble glass window ( or a shadow thrown across a wall ) as he strips to his Superman costume.

Since his medium for bringing change was print and debate, it was natural for the origins of the Christadelphian body to be associated with journals and books, namely the Herald of the Kingdom and The Ambassador ( which later became The Christadelphian ).

Since he was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre.

Since details of fact change constantly, these cannot be the most important.

Since history and memory ( representations of or belief about the past ) are distinct in all philosophy and ontology from plan, vision or intent ( representations of or will to change the future ), statements that confuse these are category errors: No statement about history or memory can imply a similar statement about a plan or vision or intent, nor vice versa-a distinction sometimes credited to Hume who distinguished also the morality of a statement from its truth.

According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

Since the reunification of Germany, Leipzig has undergone significant change with the restoration of some historical buildings, the demolition of others, and the development of a modern transport infrastructure.

Since behaviorists view the learning process as a change in behavior, educators arrange the environment to elicit desired responses through such devices as behavioral objectives, competency-based education, and skill development and training.

Since the foil must exert a force on the air to change its direction, the air must exert a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction on the foil.

Since energy is dependent on reference frame ( upon the observer ) it is convenient to formulate the equations of physics in a way such that mass values are invariant ( do not change ) between observers, and so the equations are independent of the observer.

Since the CFCs themselves are equally powerful greenhouse gases, the mere substitution of HFCs for CFCs does not significantly increase the rate of anthropogenic global warming, but over time a steady increase in their use could increase the danger that human activity will change the climate.

Since does not change, the accelerations are the same:

Since uplift and erosion are more or less in equilibrium in the Himalaya, rapid uplift is balanced by annual increments of cubic kilometers of sediments washing down from the mountains, then on the plains settling out of suspension on vast alluvial fans or inland deltas over which rivers meander and change course at least every few decades, causing some experts to question whether manmade embankments can contain the problem of flooding.

Since these were all individual compounds, he demonstrated that it was possible to make a chemical change in various fats ( which traditionally come from organic sources ), producing new compounds, without " vital force ".

Since the puppets are carved from wood, their facial expressions cannot change, but are stuck in the same exaggerated pose, which helps to deter any sense of realism and to distance the audience ( Crone 1065 ).

Since then, Postmodernism has involved theories that embrace and aim to create diversity, and it exhaults uncertainty, flexibility and change ( Hatuka & D ' Hooghe 2007 ).