Since the work of the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser, opportunity cost has been seen as the foundation of the marginal theory of value.

Since the average revenue curve is constant the marginal revenue curve is also constant and equals the demand curve, Average revenue is the same as price ( AR

Since Iceland had marginal farmland in good times, the climate change resulted in hardship for the population.

Since total profit increases when marginal profit is positive and total profit decreases when marginal profit is negative, it must reach a maximum where marginal profit is zero-or where marginal cost equals marginal revenue-and where lower or higher output levels give lower profit levels.

Since then, the syndicated dating show has virtually died off from broadcast television syndication, though cable television networks such as VH1 have continued to use dating shows with content similar to that of the dating shows of the late 1990s and early 2000s and major over-the-air broadcast networks have tried, often with marginal success, to use dating shows not as raunchy as the syndicated shows that aired earlier in the decade.

Since that time it is most often associated with Marxian economics ; while among modern mainstream economists it is considered to be superseded by the marginal utility approach.

Since we know that a profit maximizer, sets quantity at the point that marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost ( MR =

Since publication of Manuel's The Fourth World: An Indian Reality ( 1974 ), the term Fourth World is synonymous with stateless, poor, and marginal nations.

w / MPL Since the wage rate is assumed constant marginal cost and marginal product of labor have an inverse relationship-if marginal cost is increasing ( decreasing ) the marginal product of labor is decreasing ( increasing ).< ref > Note also that AVC

Since Canada has a progressive tax system, taxes are reduced at the highest marginal rate.

Since Firm B will never sell below its marginal cost, as long as, Firm B will not enter the market when Firm A charges.

Since jökulhlaups emerge from hydrostatically-sealed lakes with floating levels far above the threshold, their peak discharge can be much larger than that of a marginal or extra-marginal lake burst.

Since each half of the frame store includes only 10800 pixels in its 120 by 90 array, the same as the CCD, the display resolution was deemed to be marginal, and black borders were added around the picture, squashing the framestore image content into the middle of the frame, preserving pixels which would otherwise be lost in overscan.

Since halfway houses are such a marginal topic in criminal justice, there is scant research on the subject.

* Since the Bertrand model assumes that firms compete on price and not output quantity, it predicts that a duopoly is enough to push prices down to marginal cost level, meaning that a duopoly will result in perfect competition.

Since television manufacturers weren't required to include UHF tuning capability on TV sets, viewers needed an expensive converter ( or an all-channel set, the latter being very rare at the time ) to watch WNET, and the picture was marginal at best even with one.

Since this book is concerned only incidentally with railroad rates, it will not attempt to analyze the methods by which the staff of the Interstate Commerce Commission has estimated out-of-pocket costs and apportioned residue costs.

Since being liberalized in 1991, the Colombian telecommunications sector has added new services, expanded coverage, improved efficiency, and lowered costs.

Since the quality of most services depends largely on the quality of the individuals providing the services, it is true that " people costs " are a high component of service costs.

Since each firm has large initial costs, as the firm gains market share and increases its output the fixed cost ( what they initially invested ) is divided among a larger number of customers.

Since the creation of heavier nuclei by fusion costs energy, nature resorts to the process of neutron capture.

Since remote memory cards are more accessible and have lower costs, remote memory phone cards have proliferated.

Since then, and to help reduce costs, the remaining submarine sections are recycled, returning reusable materials to production.

Since the planned outcomes are the desired ends of the project, they form a relatively stable set of categories in which the costs of the planned actions needed to achieve them can be collected.

Since telecommunications costs were coming down, banks and brokerage firms could move away from Wall Street to more affordable locations.

Since the road network is placed under ground at the initial construction of the city the roads do not have to be dug in but can be included as an additional " basement layer " under all buildings, something that should keep construction costs affordable.

Since cnidae are " single use " cells, and this costs a lot of energy, in order to regulate discharge, cnidocytes are connected as " batteries ", containing several types of cnidocytes connected to supporting cells and neurons.

Since the early 1990s, Ontario has implemented several systematic reforms to reduce health care costs.

Since costs of computers has fallen, some sites opt for fully redundant Archives, rather than just protecting the drives through RAID.

Since it costs the Mint about five cents for each 25-cent piece it produces, the government made a profit whenever someone " bought " a coin and chose not to spend it.

Since September 2010 the towncouncil, decided to stop the cooperation between the municipalities because of the high costs and too low benefit.

Since then, most local manufacturers have moved their production facilities to Asia and Mexico as a way to reduce costs and remain competitive in a global market.

Since the MacSharry reforms, cereal prices have been closer to the equilibrium level, there is greater transparency in costs of agricultural support and the ' de-coupling ' of income support from production support has begun.

Since the costs of the school surpassed the family's means, the boy was supported by public resources and spent his school years in a dwelling for poor students ; he was given special attention and instruction by the rector of the Gymnasium, Georg Nikolaus Köhler, who sparked his interest in languages, loaned him Greek texts, and devised special exercises in which the boy had to reconstruct intelligible texts from fragments.

Since the late 1990s, there has been a resurgence in the popularity of analog synthesizers spurred on by physical standardization practices, an increase in ' retro ' gear and interest, decreased production costs and increased electronic reliability and stability, the rediscovered ability of modules to control things other than sound, and a generally heightened education through the development of virtual synthesis systems such as MAX / MSP and Pd.

Since costs and advantages are usually considered in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts, full or true cost efforts are collectively called the " triple bottom line ".

Since Champ Car's restructuring, a desire to keep costs down and the existence of one engine manufacturer has helped to create a series with far more parity than its European-based cousin.

Since non-recurring engineering costs are minimized and development cost is spread over multiple units, the cost of such systems is improved.

Since the following two hundred years saw the rise of the Classical Greek civilization, which has been enduringly influential in western society, the Battle of Marathon is often seen as a pivotal moment in European history.

Since the shorts were produced during the rise of film noir in cinema, the change was usually represented as a stylized sequence: Clark Kent's silhouette is clearly seen behind a closed door's pebble glass window ( or a shadow thrown across a wall ) as he strips to his Superman costume.

Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol ( VoIP ) " phone calls ", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites.

Since the Celtic year was based on both lunar and solar cycles, it is most likely that the holiday would be celebrated on the full moon nearest the midpoint between the winter solstice and vernal equinox, or when the primroses, dandelions, or other spring flowers rise up through the snow, or when the sun aligned with the passage tombs in the pre-Celtic megaliths.

Since the rise of karaoke around the world, karaoke contests have been a phenomenon that has entered main stream culture.

Since the rise of widespread broadband Internet access, malicious software has more frequently been designed for profit.

Since most manuscripts of the New Testament do not derive from the first several centuries, that is, they were copied after the rise of the Byzantine text-type, this form of text is found the majority of extant manuscripts and is therefore often called the " Majority Text.

" Since the rise of Modernism, some poets have opted for a poetic diction that de-emphasizes rhetorical devices, attempting instead the direct presentation of things and experiences and the exploration of tone.

Since the rise of experimental psychology in the late 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques.

Since his rise to fame as an actor, he has continued appearing at home games, and supported the financially troubled club.

Since the alteration became known it has given rise to debates among scholars as to whether Tacitus deliberately used the term Chrestians, or if a scribe made an error during the Middle Ages.

Since e-mail is faster than the standard postal service, the rise of the Internet saw a shift of people playing board wargames from play-by-mail ( PBM ) to play-by-email ( PBEM ) or play-by-web ( PBW ).

Since the rise of the state some 5, 000 years ago, military activity has occurred over much of the globe.

Since learning, culture, and civilization as well as social and political involvements could give rise to desires that are difficult to satisfy and thus result in disturbing one's peace of mind, they were discouraged.

Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality.

Since shortenings and lard have a higher melting point, puff pastry made with either will rise more than pastry made with butter if made correctly ; however it will often have a waxy mouthfeel and a more bland flavor.

Since the Atlas mountains rise in the region inhabited by Berbers, it has been suggested that the name might be taken from one of the Berber languages, specifically adrar, Berber for " mountain ".

Since the rise of modern genetics, belief in this theory has grown.

Since the late 20th century and the rise of Indian activism over sovereignty issues, as well as many tribes ' establishment of casino gambling on reservations as a revenue source, the US Supreme Court has been asked repeatedly to address the IRA's constitutionality.

Since the Manchus ' rise to prominence in 1644, the name " Tartars " became applied to them as well, and Manchuria ( and Mongolia ) became known to the Europeans as the " Chinese Tartary ".

Since Roman times, Paris has buried its dead on the outskirts of the city, but habits changed with the rise of Christianity and its practice of burying its faithful in the consecrated ground under and around its churches, no matter their location.

Since around the 1950s and the rise of bebop, continuous use of vibrato has largely fallen out of style in favor of more selective use.

Since two approaches are used to speak of God, there are times when these may conflict, giving rise to paradoxes in Jewish philosophy.

Since the rise of the Internet in the early 1990s, the graphology organizations have suffered major declines in membership.