Since the railroad cannot reduce the salary of individual union members under contract, it must accomplish its payroll reduction by placing some of the men on furlough, a B. & O. spokesman said.

Since the attacks, the situation for crew members, passengers and hijackers has changed.

Since the Plebeian Aediles were elected by the Plebeians ( commoners ), rather than by all of the People of Rome ( Plebeians as well as members of the Patrician aristocracy ), they were not technically magistrates.

Since a maximal ideal in A is closed, is a Banach algebra that is a field, and it follows from the Gelfand-Mazur theorem that there is a bijection between the set of all maximal ideals of A and the set Δ ( A ) of all nonzero homomorphisms from A to C. The set Δ ( A ) is called the " structure space " or " character space " of A, and its members " characters.

Since the award criteria state that the Bronze Star Medal may be awarded to " any person ... while serving in any capacity in or with " the U. S. Armed Forces, awards to members of foreign armed services serving with the United States are permitted.

Since Claudius ( like most of the members of his dynasty ) heavily criticized his predecessors and relatives in surviving speeches, it is not hard to imagine the nature of Suetonius ' charge.

Since 2005, the winners of the Deutscher Filmpreis, also known as the Lolas are elected by the members of the Deutsche Filmakademie.

Since 1937, science fiction fans have formed amateur press associations ( APAs ); the members contribute to a collective assemblage or bundle that contains contributions from all of them, called apazines and often containing mailing comments.

Since at least the 1960s, when Marc Bloch's Feudal Society ( 1939 ) was first translated into English in 1961, many medieval historians have included a broader social aspect that includes not only the nobility but all three estates of the realm, adding the peasantry bonds of manorialism and the estates of the Church ; this is sometimes referred to as " feudal society " since it encompasses all members of society into the feudal system.

Since the founding of the WTO, 21 new non-GATT members have joined and 29 are currently negotiating membership.

Since the mid-1980s, there are some overlaps in ideas and members with the computer security hacking community.

Since arms pass from parents to offspring, and there is frequently more than one child per couple, it is necessary to distinguish the arms of siblings and extended family members from the original arms as passed on from eldest son to eldest son.

# Large number of similar exposure units: Since insurance operates through pooling resources, the majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of large classes, allowing insurers to benefit from the law of large numbers in which predicted losses are similar to the actual losses.

Since the Confederacy was founded, among other things, on states ’ rights, one important factor in Davis ’ choice of cabinet members was representation from the various states.

Since the Knights ( KOL ) allowed an array of members into their association, they ended up getting rid of many because they did not fit the title.

Since 1980, the surviving members have pursued solo careers and have also been involved in a series of collaborations and one-off reunions.

Since 1978 black membership has grown, and in 1997 there were approximately 500, 000 black members of the church ( about 5 % of the total membership ), mostly in Africa, Brazil and the Caribbean.

Since then, the Society, guided by its International Steering Committee, has grown to over 4, 000 members and some 6, 000 associate supporters across more than 50 countries around the world.

Since Scotty's resignation as parliamentary speaker, the parliament was unable to convene as members of parliament could not decide whom to appoint as his replacement.

Since German reunification, the PDS has frequently been the target of suspicions that leading members were connected with East Germany's Ministry for State Security, or Stasi.

Since only a small part of the union held these beliefs, the remaining members were relied upon to discipline their colleagues.

Since 1722, most Prime Ministers have been members of the Commons ; since 1902, all have had a seat there.

Since then, only members of non-Muslim minorities such as Hindus, Christians and Zoroastrians are allowed to apply for permits for alcohol.

Since 1986, thousands of members of the UP and other leftist parties were murdered ( estimates range from 4, 000 to 6, 000 ).

Since this type of item was not in the statute when section 381 was enacted in 1954, one cannot say with certainty what effect the enactment of that section should have.

Since the 1950s, this type of fiction has to a large extent merged with science fictional tropes involving cross-time travel between alternate histories or psychic awareness of the existence of " our " universe by the people in another ; or ordinary voyaging uptime ( into the past ) or downtime ( into the future ) that results in history splitting into two or more time-lines.

Since current can be the flow of either positive or negative charges, or both, a convention for the direction of current which is independent of the type of charge carriers is needed.

Since the observation of the Champagne Supernova in 2003, more very bright type Ia supernovae are thought to have originated by white dwarfs whose masses exceeded the Chandrasekhar limit.

Since these devices are used to run countless different types of programs, these CPU designs are not specifically targeted at one type of application or one function.

Since being able to choose any resource type allows more building power, gold rivers are either marked with number token of only 2 or 3 dots and / or are far away from starting positions to offset this.

Since 2004, the colón stopped circulating and is now never used in the country for any type of transaction ; however some stores still have prices in both colons and U. S. dollars.

Since 1997, the ILAE have been working on a new scheme that has five axes: ictal phenomenon, ( pertaining to an epileptic seizure ), seizure type, syndrome, etiology, impairment.

Since most of these enclaves are occupied by the military, military law is especially concerned with these enclaves, especially the issue of establishing who has jurisdiction and what type of jurisdiction.

Since the Hubble sequence is entirely based upon visual morphological type, it may miss certain important characteristics of galaxies such as star formation rate ( in starburst galaxies ) and activity in the core ( in active galaxies ).

Since real political power belongs to the sole legal party, in certain states under Marxist constitutions of the constitutionally socialist state type inspired by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) and its constitutive Soviet republics, there was no formal office of head of state, but rather the leader of the legislative branch was considered to be the closest common equivalent of a head of state as a natural person.

Since the introduction of firearms classifications have changed initially to reflect their formations on the battlefield as line infantry, and later to reflect modes of transport and type of tactics used by specific units as Mechanized infantry or airborne infantry.

The manual also contains a " tonsil ", as explained in this footnote: " 4 ) Since all other reference manuals have Appendices, it was decided that the INTERCAL manual should contain some other type of removable organ.

Since Maeshowe is the largest and most sophisticated example of the Maeshowe " type " of tomb, archaeologists have suggested that it is the last of its class, built around 2800 BC.

Since the RNA is first separated by size, if only one probe type is used variance in the level of each band on the membrane can provide insight into the size of the product, suggesting alternative splice products of the same gene or repetitive sequence motifs.

Since only a few atoms must be excited into the upper laser level to form a population inversion, a four-level laser is much more efficient than a three-level one, and most practical lasers are of this type.

Since the 1980s or so, however, scripts of this type have been replaced with utilities like make which are specialized for building programs.

Since there was a bounty on Themistocles's head, this acquaintance devised a plan to safely convey Themistocles to the Persian king in the type of covered wagon that the King's concubines travelled in.

Since a mass driver could use any type of mass for reaction mass to move the spacecraft, a mass driver or some variation seems ideal for deep-space vehicles that scavenge reaction mass from found resources.

Since social capital is readily available no matter the type of community, it is able to override more traditional queues for political engagement ( e. g., education, employment, civil skills, etc .…).

Since this autoimmune disease appears suddenly, often quite late in life, viral or bacterial infection may trigger antibodies that cross-react with the human TSH receptor ( a phenomenon known as antigenic mimicry, also seen in some cases of type 1 diabetes ).

Since nonmetal containers are poorer heat conductors, the type of container material stated in the recipe cannot be substituted without affecting the outcome.

Since this is the most common type of NAT it is often referred to simply as NAT.