Since the F – D distribution was derived using the Pauli exclusion principle, which allows at most one electron to occupy each possible state, a result is that < math > 0 <

Since 1986, Villa Pauli has been a private members club with a gourmet restaurant, banquet room and hotel.

Since then there has been prostitution in St. Pauli, and it is still best known as Hamburg's red-light district.

Since, by the second law of thermodynamics, this is statistically improbable to the point of exclusion, the Carnot efficiency is a theoretical upper bound on the reliable efficiency of any process.

Since economics is traditionally focused on topics said to be " culturally masculine " such as autonomy, abstraction and logic, feminist economists call for the inclusion of more feminine topics such as family behavior, connections, concreteness, and emotion, and show the problems caused by exclusion of those topics.

Since the Council's first reading fell during the Irish Presidency of the European Council, she was chair of the meeting that discarded the amendments by the European Parliament which confirmed the exclusion of software innovations from what constitutes patentable subject matter.

Since there are hundreds of religions in existence, some having thousands of sects with competing interpretations, the probability that a given person's religion should happen to be the one that is true ( to the exclusion of all others ) is diminishingly small.

Since limited-coverage plans are exempt from HIPAA requirements, the odd case exists in which the applicant to a general group health plan cannot obtain certificates of creditable continuous coverage for independent limited-scope plans such as dental to apply towards exclusion periods of the new plan that does include those coverages.

Since their exclusion from the party by a regular party judge there are no longer any thrills in the party.

Since the Asinius Gallus seems to have been the Lucius Asinius Gallus who became a Consul in 60, by exclusion of parts the Gnaeus Asinius must be the Asinius Saloninus.

Since the Asinius Gallus seems to have been the Lucius Asinius Gallus who became a Consul in 60, by exclusion of parts the Gnaeus Asinius must be the Asinius Saloninus.

Since the socioeconomic exclusion of women deprive them of the capabilities to be educated and trained for certain employment skills, their susceptibility to poverty is heightened.

Since by the principle of optimality the remaining stages use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to Af, we may enter section Af of the table at this state Af and read off the optimal policy for stage Af and the resulting state Af.

Since esterification is highly reversible, the yield of the ester can be improved using Le Chatelier's principle:

Since its first publication in 1946 the principle has been accepted by Germany's Federal Constitutional Court in a variety of cases.

Since air is an insulator, in principle no other substance is needed to keep power where it should be.

Since the flow speed is zero at these points, by Bernoulli's principle the static pressure at these points is at a maximum.

Since bundle theory states that all concrete particulars are merely constructions or ' bundles ' of attributes, or qualitive properties, the substance theorist's indiscernibility argument claims that the ability to recognize numerically different concrete particulars, such as concrete objects, requires those particulars to have discernible qualitative differences in their attributes and that the metaphysical realist who is also a bundle theorist must therefore concede to the existence of ' discernible ( numerically different ) concrete particulars ', the ' identity of indiscernibles ', and a ' principle of constituent identity '.

Since the Heisenberg principle limits the precision of any measurement of the combination of an electron's momentum ( related to energy ) and its position, in a crystal effectively the available energy levels form a continuous band of allowed energy levels.

Since the early 1990s, the legitimatization of the principle of national self-determination has led to an increase in the number of conflicts within states, as sub-groups seek greater self-determination and even full secession, and as their conflicts for leadership within groups and with other groups and with the dominant state become violent.

Since this principle is a key premise in deriving the Liar paradox, the paradox is dissolved.

Since these are unknown in exact detail, cosmological models have been based on the cosmological principle, which states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic.

Since the uncertainty principle is such a basic result in quantum mechanics, typical experiments in quantum mechanics routinely observe aspects of it.

Since it is absurd to have no logical method by which to settle on one hypothesis amongst an infinite number of equally data-compliant hypotheses, we should choose the simplest theory: " either science is irrational the way it judges theories and predictions probable or the principle of simplicity is a fundamental synthetic a priori truth " ( Swinburne 1997 ).

Since temperature in principle also depends on altitude, one needs a second equation to determine the pressure as a function of height, as discussed in the next section.

Since then a number of exceptions to this principle have been allowed.

The transfer principle states that true first order statements about R are also valid in * R. For example, the commutative law of addition, x + y = y + x, holds for the hyperreals just as it does for the reals ; since R is a real closed field, so is * R. Since for all integers n, one also has for all hyperintegers H. The transfer principle for ultrapowers is a consequence of Łoś ' theorem of 1955.

Since only the level spacing is determined by the correspondence principle, you could always add a small fixed offset to the quantum number --- L could just as well have been.

Since independence in 1971, the country has stressed its principle of friendship towards all, malice towards none in dictating its diplomacy.

Since the travel of the motion system is limited, a principle called ' acceleration onset cueing ' is used.

Since this new field concerns abstract rules, it can in principle address issues relevant to other fields of science.

) Since 1662 in Virginia, children born to enslaved mothers took their legal status as slaves under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem.

Since each queen can be placed in any of the 64 squares, in principle there are 64 < sup > 8 </ sup > = 281, 474, 976, 710, 656 possibilities to consider.

Since the Middle Ages, the semi-Salic principle was prevalent for the inheritance of feudal land in the Holy Roman Empire: inheritance was allowed through females when the male line expired.

Since the constitution forbids introduction of a tax bill at a fiscal session, the administration will either have to cut down expenses or inflate its estimates of anticipated revenues.

Since 1985, the State of Israel has outlawed political parties espousing Kahane's ideology as being " racist ", and forbids their participating in the Israeli government.

Since the Shard's construction was financed by Sharia-compliant investment, which forbids earning money through interest payments, the tower's tenants are subject to certain conditions.

Since the Qur ' an forbids alcohol consumption, the region isn't noted much for its wine.

Since 1998, an EU directive forbids the production of smalahove from adult sheep, due to fear of the possibility of transmission of scrapie, a deadly, degenerative prion disease of sheep and goats, though scrapie does not appear to be transmissible to humans.

Since these electrons are moving like planets, you may wonder whether there is an atomic sun at the center of the atom.

The number of neutrons, N, is known as the neutron number of the atom ; thus, A = Z + N. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass ( and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes ), and the mass defect is usually very small compared to the mass, the atomic mass of an atom is roughly equal to A.

Since a coulomb is approximately equal to elementary charges ( such as electrons ), one ampere is approximately equivalent to elementary charges moving past a boundary in one second, or the reciprocal of the value of the elementary charges in coulombs.

Since the later discovery of the electron, an easier to remember, and more durably correct technically although historically false, etymology has been suggested: anode, from the Greek anodos, ' way up ', ' the way ( up ) out of the cell ( or other device ) for electrons '.

Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other.

Since electrons are fermions, no two electrons can be in the same state, so not all electrons can be in the minimum-energy level.

Since the electrons have a negative charge, they are repelled by the cathode and attracted to the anode.

Since the later discovery of the electron, an easier to remember, and more durably technically correct ( although historically false ), etymology has been suggested: cathode, from the Greek kathodos, ' way down ', ' the way ( down ) into the cell ( or other device ) for electrons '.

Since the energy levels of electrons in atoms are discrete, each element and each molecule emits and absorbs its own characteristic frequencies.

Since the electron's wavelength is determined by its momentum, orbitals containing higher speed electrons show contraction due to smaller wavelengths.

Since a bar magnet gets its ferromagnetism from electrons distributed evenly throughout the bar, when a bar magnet is cut in half, each of the resulting pieces is a smaller bar magnet.

Since the gyro-motion of electrons and ions is in opposite directions, an electric current flows along the boundary.

Since the energy of the photoelectrons emitted is exactly the energy of the incident photon minus the material's work function or binding energy, the work function of a sample can be determined by bombarding it with a monochromatic X-ray source or UV source, and measuring the kinetic energy distribution of the electrons emitted.

Since there are so many ( on the order of 10 < exp > 22 </ exp >) atoms in a macroscopic crystal, the resulting energy states available for electrons are very closely spaced.

Since heavy elements ( high atomic number ) backscatter electrons more strongly than light elements ( low atomic number ), and thus appear brighter in the image, BSE are used to detect contrast between areas with different chemical compositions.

Since a toroidal field is curved and decreases in strength moving away from the axis of rotation, the ions and the electrons move parallel to the axis, but in opposite directions.

Since secondary electrons can outnumber the primary electrons, in the worst case, particularly as the plate voltage dips below the screen voltage, the plate current can decrease with increasing plate voltage.

Since the demonstrations of wave-like properties in photons and electrons, similar experiments have been conducted with neutrons and protons.

Since orbital energies are unique to an atom of a specific element, analysis of the ejected electrons can yield information about the chemical composition of a surface.

Since, we see that the total radiated power goes as or, which accounts for why electrons lose energy to bremsstrahlung radiation much more rapidly than heavier charged particles ( e. g., muons, protons, alpha particles ).