Since its economy was highly dependent on the rest of the former Soviet Union for energy and raw materials, the breakdown in trade following the breakup of the Soviet Union had a serious effect, exacerbated at times by drought and civil conflict.

Since the breakdown of the philosophical foundations of scholasticism, the new nominalism did not bode well for an institutional church legitimized as an intermediary between man and God.

Since the Gox breakdown is less than the junction breakdown, special diffusion steps were not required to create the antifuse programming element.

Since soy doesn't contain galactose, a product of lactose breakdown, soy-based infant formulas can safely replace breast milk in children with galactosemia.

Since MacConkey lactose and tetrazolium lactose media both rely on the products of lactose breakdown, they require the presence of both lacZ and lacY genes.

Since the elections of 21 May 1995, there has been a breakdown of powers between the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate, which resulted in the latter having fewer competences than the Chamber of Representatives.

Since the disease results in an inability to handle large amounts of nitrogen load, the treatment includes strategies to decrease the intake of nitrogen ( low-protein diet ), prevention of excessive body protein breakdown during acute illnesses ( hydration and nutrition ) and administration of medications scavenging nitrogen ( sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate ).

Since then, the authorities have used repression, intimidation and terror to convince the Karen to leave their homeland ' voluntarily ', and concentrated on restrictions on their traditional land use system which will inevitably cause its breakdown and deprive the Karen of their subsistence.

Since the United States-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the resulting breakdown of law and order in that country, many Syriac speaking Assyrians and other Christians have fled the country, taking refuge in Syria, Jordan and further afield.

Since this historic event, the planet has entered a phase of geostrategic breakdown.

Since avalanche breakdown multiplication is present only across the collector-base junction, the first step of the calculation is to determine collector current as a sum of various component currents though the collector since only those fluxes of charge are subject to this phenomenon.

Since single-party rule was enforced in Francoist Spain, the only way of pluralism consisted in internal " families " ( Familias del Regimen, i. e., different groups of pressure ) competing together inside the National Movement.

Since morale is closely related to pattern maintenance and integration, the higher the morale and solidarity, the better the system can solve the problems of the system.

Since experience indicates that effluents from oxidation ponds do not create major problems at these BOD concentrations, the goal for the effluent quality of the accelerated treatment system was the same as from conventional oxidation ponds.

Since the fourth ceremony, the system changed, and professionals were honored for a specific performance in a single film.

Since the adoption of a new constitution, early in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Angola is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Since the 1951 general election, the party system has been dominated by the personalist Antigua Labour Party ( ALP ), dominated by the Bird family, particularly Prime Ministers Vere and Lester Bird.

Since in oral languages the elements of sound are for the most part produced linearly in time ( that is, in a word like cat the a sound comes after the c sound, and the t sound comes after that ), they can generally be easily written in a linear ( one-dimensional ) writing system such as an alphabet.

Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.

Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS / 6000 series ( later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, then IBM System p, and now IBM Power Systems ).

Since algorithms are platform-independent ( i. e. a given algorithm can be implemented in an arbitrary programming language on an arbitrary computer running an arbitrary operating system ), there are significant drawbacks to using an empirical approach to gauge the comparative performance of a given set of algorithms.

Since 31 December 2003, the system has been closed to new users, at that time, it covered 100 % of the Spanish population, but now some antennas have been given to GSM operators.

Since independence the party system has been dominated by the Botswana Democratic Party ( BDP ), which has never lost power since independence.

Since 1990, Bulgaria has an unstable party system, in the past two decades differently dominated by the post-communist Bulgarian Socialist Party or by the right Union of Democratic Forces and recently by the new right-oriented party-Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria.

Since the 12th century, courts have had parallel and co-equal authority to make law -- " legislating from the bench " is a traditional and essential function of courts, which was carried over into the U. S. system as an essential component of the " judicial power " specified by Article III of the U. S. constitution.

Since meat has a higher energy density than vegetables, and cooking it allows more nutrients to be liberated to the body, the introduction of cooked meat in the human diet reduced the energy requirements of the digestive system.

Since the start of the " Special Period " in 1991 ( energy shortages caused by the loss of the Soviet Union as a trading partner ), hitchhiking and carpooling have become important parts of Cuba's transportation system and society in general.

Since it reflects spoken language, it does not use the positional system as in Arabic numerals, in the same way that spelling out numbers in English does not.

Since the operating system has effectively suspended the execution of the first process, it can now load the PCB and context of the second process.

Since the invention of the MIDI system in the early 1980s, for example, some people have worked on programs which map MIDI notes to an algorithm and then can either output sounds or music through the computer's sound card or write an audio file for other programs to play.

Since the fall of the Republic, the authority of the Roman Senate had largely eroded under the quasi-monarchical system of government established by Augustus, known as the Principate.

Since the free energy is the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a system, one can write:

Since at least the 1960s, when Marc Bloch's Feudal Society ( 1939 ) was first translated into English in 1961, many medieval historians have included a broader social aspect that includes not only the nobility but all three estates of the realm, adding the peasantry bonds of manorialism and the estates of the Church ; this is sometimes referred to as " feudal society " since it encompasses all members of society into the feudal system.

Since 1987, Australia has had an approved system of labelling for additives in packaged foods.

Since its reformation under private law in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG ) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns ; in addition to the DBAG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3, 000 km to 4, 000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in open access.

Since independence the party system is dominated by the conservative Gabonese Democratic Party.

Since more is known about Quiney than about any other acquaintance of Shakespeare in Stratford, his career may be followed to its sudden end in 1602.

Since the obvious is not always true, the Republican National Committee wisely analyzed its defeat of last autumn and finds that it occurred, as suspected, in the larger cities.

Since faculty see themselves as self-employed professionals rather than as employees, enthusiasm in a common enterprise is proportionate to the sense of ownership they have in it by virtue of sharing in the decisions that govern its course.

Since C is rational, this correspondence has K coincidences, each of which implies a line of the pencil which meets its image.

Since a ruled surface of order N with N concurrent generators is necessarily a cone, it follows finally that every line through a point, P, of **zg meets its image at P, as asserted.

Since the mid 1950s, when urethane foam first made its appearance in the American market, growth has been little short of fantastic.

Since the land he desired lay within the great northern empire of the Hudson's Bay Company, he purchased great blocks of the Comany's stock with the view to controlling its policies.

Since the constitution forbids introduction of a tax bill at a fiscal session, the administration will either have to cut down expenses or inflate its estimates of anticipated revenues.

Since the railroad cannot reduce the salary of individual union members under contract, it must accomplish its payroll reduction by placing some of the men on furlough, a B. & O. spokesman said.

Since then, it has focused on improving relationships with Western countries, cultivating links with other Portuguese-speaking countries, and asserting its own national interests in Central Africa through military and diplomatic intervention.

Since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, Anatolia has become Turkey, its inhabitants being mainly Turks and Kurds ( see demographics of Turkey and history of Turkey ).

Since then, Alumni has played at the highest level of Argentinian rugby and its rivalry with Belgrano Athletic Club is one of the fiercest local derbies in Buenos Aires.

Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of complementarism by trying to have friendly relations both with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and Europe.

Since this picture was first developed by Ernst Stueckelberg, and acquired its modern form in Feynman's work, it is called the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation of antiparticles to honor both scientists.

Since its immense popularity and iconic nature, " grace " and the meaning behind the words of " Amazing Grace " have become as individual as the singer or listener.

Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial.

Since 1975, Niger has celebrated Arbor Day as part of its Independence Day: 3 August.

Since its disappearance from the Biblical narrative, there have been a number of claims of having discovered or of having possession of the Ark, and several possible places have been suggested for its location.

Since less of its surface area is exposed to the arctic cold, less heat escapes the body.

Since its inception in the early 1990s, the group has carried out bombings, kidnappings, assassinations and extortion in what they describe as their fight for an independent Islamic province in the Philippines.

Since 1972, the Roman Catholic Church uses the name " Anointing of the Sick " both in the English translations issued by the Holy See of its official documents in Latin and in the English official documents of Episcopal conferences.

Since 1998, Harvard University wraps some of the valuable statues on its campus, such as this " Harvard Bixi | Chinese stele ", with waterproof covers every winter, in order to protect them from erosion caused by acid rain.

Since the mid-1990s, AutoCAD supported custom objects through its C ++ Application Programming Interface ( API ).

Since 1998 it has been available in an electronic edition, alongside its regular print edition.