Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked.

Since German reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states, together with Hamburg and Bremen, among the present 16 states of Germany.

Since May 2009, the portions of Broadway through Duffy Square, Times Square, and Herald Square have been closed entirely to automobile traffic, except for cross traffic on the Streets and Avenues, as part of a traffic and pedestrianization experiment, with the pavement reserved exclusively for walkers, cyclists, and those lounging in temporary seating placed by the city.

Since 1987 the Congress operates in the port city of Valparaíso, about 110 kilometers (~ 70 mi.

Since the 1980s, many motion pictures have been filmed in the city, most notably The Blues Brothers ; Ferris Bueller's Day Off ; Home Alone ; The Fugitive ; I, Robot ; Wanted ; Batman Begins ; The Dark Knight ; and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

Since these geographic considerations imply that, not including the hill within, the walls would be willfully making the city prone to attack from it, some scholars, including the late 19th century surveyors of the Palestine Exploration Fund, consider it unlikely that a wall would ever have been built that would cut the hill off from the city in the valley ; archaeological evidence for the existence of an earlier city wall in such a location has never been found.

Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland ( 1171 – 1541 ), Kingdom of Ireland ( 1541 – 1800 ), island as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1801 – 1922 ), and the Irish Republic ( 1919 – 1922 ).

Since reunification, the German government has spent vast amounts of money on reintegrating the two halves of the city and bringing services and infrastructure in the former East Berlin up to the standard established in West Berlin.

Since its construction, it has become a landmark and a symbol for the city.

Since the 1990s, the Sunday brunch has also become common, especially in city cafés.

Since 2001 it is part of the Hanover district ( Region Hannover ), which is a municipal body made up from the former district ( Landkreis Hannover ) and city of Hanover ( note: although both Region and Landkreis are translated as district they are not the same ).

Since inaugural event in 1950, Indianapolis is the only city in the United States to have hosted the event.

Since then, no city in Japan has had the name " Tokyo " ( present-day Tokyo is not officially a city ).

* Since its 1824 renaming in his honor, the capital city of the West African country of Liberia has been named Monrovia.

Since 1933, Jacksonville has been the site of the annual Florida vs. Georgia Football Classic, a major college football rivalry game between the University of Florida Gators and the University of Georgia Bulldogs, and since 1946, the city has hosted the Gator Bowl, one of the oldest annual college football bowl games.

Since the Marxist revolution in 1978, the city has been a target of foreign-backed militant groups such as the Mujahideen, Taliban, Haqqani network, Hezbi Islami, and others.

Since 2008 the Afghan National Security Forces ( ANSF ) are in charge of security in the city.

Since 1992 the city is the seat of the Diocese of Legnica.

Since the 1970s the city has also been home to a rich, if fluctuating, array of independent theatre groups and some show / musical companies.

Since the enactment of EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate in the air, environmental groups such as Greenpeace have staged large protest rallies to urge the city council and the State government to take a harder stance on pollution.

Since then, Munich has become Germany's third largest city.

Since then, the event has expanded into a full weekend and is held in a different city each year.

Since the Irish War of Independence, the name ' Boxing Day ' is used only by the authorities in Northern Ireland, which remains part of the UK.

Since these first accounts, Bulgarian authorities had organized several population censuses: 1892, 1900, 1905, 1910, 1920, 1926, 1934, 1946, 1956, 1965, 1975, 1985, 1992, 2001 and 2011.

Since 1997 public authorities have been obliged to observe the official spelling by way of the Orthography Law.

Since reunification, German authorities rely on a micro census.

Since she had previously notified the Norwegian authorities that she had changed residence to France, she was no longer entitled to benefits of Norwegian social security.

Since the time of the Council, there have been concerns of the part of Church authorities that the missional spirit of the Church has been fading away because of the acceptance of anonymous Christianity, a teaching of Karl Rahner that all human beings have an implicit knowledge of Jesus Christ.

Since that time, as a gesture against the death penalty, the local authorities of Rome change the color of the Colosseum's night time illumination from white to gold whenever a person condemned to the death penalty anywhere in the world gets their sentence commuted or is released, or if a jurisdiction abolishes the death penalty.

Since the 1979 revolution, the authorities have destroyed most or all of the Baha ' i holy places in Iran, including the House of the Bab in Shiraz, a house in Tehran where Bahá ' u ' lláh was brought up, and other sites connected to aspects of Babi and Baha ' i history.

Since the first official census by the Belgian authorities in 1924 put the population at about 10 million, that implies a rough estimate of 10 million dead.

Since all the local authorities denied him any help and most of the military orders denied him any help, and being the crusading army a meagre force, Frederick negotiated along the lines of a previous agreement he had intended to broker with the Ayyubid sultan, Al-Kamil.

Since the number of supposedly ethnic Germans who signed up voluntarily was insignificant by 1942, in February of that year Forster made signing of the Volksliste mandatory and empowered local police and other authorities to employ various methods, including physical force and threats, to implement the decree.

Since many of these players also played for the bigger teams, the authorities feared a possible shortage of players if too many small clubs were let in.

Since there are no captive breeding programs or rehabilitation centers for snow leopards in Pakistan, the authorities decided to send the cub to the Bronx Zoo.

Since then many competing land uses have created a complex land management scenario for state and local government authorities trying to mediate quite conflicting issues.

Since Börne did not attack religion or traditional morality like Heine, the German authorities hounded him less although they still banned his books as soon as they appeared.

Since then, the city has been working with residents and both federal and state authorities to develop a plan to rebuild the downtown business district and improve upon other public facilities such as a new park and community center.

Since then, the Patton Village authorities tried to overhaul the community's image.

Since 1993 the artist Jens Galschiøt have made political happenings all over the world, in November 1993 he made the happening my inner beast where twenty sculptures were erected within 55 hours without the knowledge of the authorities all over Europe.

Since 1991 the local council authorities in Herefordshire have set aside land for development as a canal route.

Since 2004, a number of raids led by Danish authorities have led to unrest and tension between Christiania's residents and the Danish government.

Since this Hirsch ben David was untraceable, some were led to believe that there was no such person as Hirsh and the authorities were attempting to stir up internecine fighting among the Jews.

Since Schmidt's pre-war home in Lauban was in the part of Germany placed under Polish administration after the war, Schmidt became part of the throng of refugees moved by the authorities from village to village in West Germany.

Since the late 1990s, Bulgarian authorities have switched to a new system avoiding the use of diacritics and optimized for compatibility with English.

Since many religious authorities believe in the self-evident truth of their doctrines, a mere exposure to the truth in the book would tend to convert outsiders trying to learn the language.