Since a -/- mutation in the APAF-1 gene is embryonic lethal, a gene trap strategy was used in order to generate an APAF-1 -/- mouse.

Since gene therapy is relatively new and at an experimental stage, it is an expensive treatment to undertake.

Since then, over 1, 700 clinical trials have been conducted using a number of techniques for gene therapy.

Since then, many researches have been conducted to modulate steps in gene expression process.

Since the RNA is first separated by size, if only one probe type is used variance in the level of each band on the membrane can provide insight into the size of the product, suggesting alternative splice products of the same gene or repetitive sequence motifs.

Since specific gene therapies cannot readily be used to treat a significant fraction of patients with retinal dystrophy, there is a major interest in developing a more generally applicable survival factor therapy.

Since it was not understood that these different presentations were all caused by the same set of mutations in the androgen receptor gene, a unique name was given to each new combination of symptoms, resulting in a complicated stratification of seemingly disparate disorders.

Since its discovery, the importance of the SRY gene in sex determination has been extensively documented:

Since each cell, regardless of cell type, possesses the same genome, determination of cell type must occur at the level of gene expression.

Since a molecular genetic test for the ridge gene does not exist, heterozygotes are detected by mating the animal in question to either known heterozygotes or known homozygous recessives ( other methods exist such as mating to offspring, but result in inbred offspring ) and a heterozygote is detected when a ridgeless pup is born.

Since 2009, most researchers use a different nomenclature based on the gene defect ( e. g. CDG-Ia

Since 98-99 % of individuals with Williams syndrome lack half of the 7q11. 23 region of chromosome # 7, where the elastin gene is located, the presence of only one copy of the gene is a strong sign of the disorder.

Since the development of methods of high-throughput production of gene and protein sequences, the rate of addition of new sequences to the databases increased exponentially.

Since they were put into mass production, Henrietta's cells have been mailed to scientists around the globe for " research into cancer, AIDS, the effects of radiation and toxic substances, gene mapping, and countless other scientific pursuits ".

Since that time, HeLa cells have been used for " research into cancer, AIDS, the effects of radiation and toxic substances, gene mapping, and many other scientific pursuits ".

Since then, more than 100 mutations have been found in this gene, accounting for 15 % of all types of retinal degeneration.

Since some processes, such as gene transcription, involve many reactions and could not be correctly modeled as an instantaneous reaction in a single step, it was proposed to model these reactions as single step multiple delayed reactions in order to account for the time it takes for the entire process to be complete.

Since ESTs represent gene transcripts, they will not contain these repeats.

Since the lacI gene encoding repressor is about 50 times larger than the operator, repressor mutants predominate in the selection.

* Since females have two X chromosomes, they have two alleles of this gene.

Since in principle any gene can be knocked down by a synthetic siRNA with a complementary sequence, siRNAs are an important tool for validating gene function and drug targeting in the post-genomic era.

Since the Supreme Court's decision of that year this is more doubtful ; ;

( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.

Since it is not far from Viareggio, he will visit Puccini's house, as he never fails to do, to pay his respects to the memory of the composer of La Boheme, which he considers one of Puccini's masterpieces.

Since attack serves to stimulate interest in broadcasts, I added to my opening statement a sentence in which I claimed that German youth seemed to lack the enthusiasm which is a necessary ingredient of anger, and might be classified as uninterested and bored rather than angry.

Since the air is a continuum, the network of communication remains intact regardless of the positions or motions of the points ( the people ) in the net.

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.

Since the difficulty of drawing the net is great, we will merely discuss it.

Since a civilizational crisis involves also a crisis in private interests and in the ruling class, reaction is normally found among those who feel themselves to be among the ruling class.

Since civilizational change is the most difficult to perceive and analyze, it seldom is given adequate attention.

Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.

Since more is known about Quiney than about any other acquaintance of Shakespeare in Stratford, his career may be followed to its sudden end in 1602.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Since Laos is of no more purely military value to Moscow itself than it is to Washington, this approach might be expected to head off Mr. Khrushchev for the moment.

Since little is known about autism, and almost nothing has been written for the layman, we'd like to share one experienced mother's comments.

Since the work is done by hand, the only limitation, it is said, `` is that of human conception ''.

Since the apparatus is new, it requires experimentation and changes in technique.

Since the obvious is not always true, the Republican National Committee wisely analyzed its defeat of last autumn and finds that it occurred, as suspected, in the larger cities.

Since he has just shown who is top dog, he may not be ready to receive this highest honor in the gift of the Soviet people.

Since appeals to morality, to humanity, and to sanity have had such small effect, perhaps our last recourse is the deterrent example.

Since the goal of our international planners is a World Government, this Atlantic Community would mark a giant step in that direction for, once American economic autonomy is absorbed, a larger grouping is a question of time.