Since about 2000, alkaline-based fountain solutions have started becoming less common due to the inherent health hazards of high pH and the objectionable odor of the necessary microbiological additives.

Since the 1970s there have been longstanding, unresolved controversies over potential health hazards of trichloroethylene ( TCE ) and other halocarbon solvents that had been widely used for industrial cleaning.

Since World War II, the Red Sox have had 18 batting champions ( through 1989 )... Five to 7 points are a lot, given that there may be only a 15-or 20-point spread between a good hitting team and a poor hitting team.

Since leprosy had nearly disappeared in Italy, Alberoni obtained the consent of the pope to suppress of the hospital, which had fallen into great disorder, and replaced it with a seminary for the priestly education of seventy poor boys, under the name of the Collegio Alberoni, which it still bears.

Since 2009 thousands of established immigrants began to leave, although some that did continued to maintain homes in Spain due to poor conditions in their country of origin.

Since Stefan Greczek was a private and was prevented by military regulations from marrying, and the mother was too poor to support the child, the couple decided that he should be reared by family and friends.

Since the Middle Frankish Kingdom combined lengthy and vulnerable land borders with poor internal communications as it was severed by the Alps, it was not a viable entity and soon fragmented.

Since starting operations in 1978, IFAD has invested US $ 12. 0 billion, DM 7. 5 billion in 860 projects and programmes that have reached some 370 million poor rural people.

Since a very early age, Mazzini showed good learning qualities ( as well as a precocious interest towards politics and literature ), and was admitted to the University at only 14, graduating in law in 1826, initially practicing as a " poor man's lawyer ".

Since Linnaeus never saw an herbarium specimen ( if there ever was one ) of Plumier's Magnolia and had only his description and a rather poor picture at hand, he must have taken it for the same plant which was described by Catesby in his 1730 Natural History of Carolina.

Since practical rectifiers have non-zero voltage drop, accuracy and sensitivity is poor at low values.

Since Haarlem was quite poor after the siege, this led to many of the chapels and other Catholic churches being abandoned and used for other purposes.

Since Nishikanta is too poor to give them even a single pie, the eunuchs gave him money so that he may buy milk for his son.

Since the 1860s, the Ardèche economy has been split between the prosperous Rhône valley and the relatively poor and mountainous Haut Vivarais on the western side of the department.

Since his own command of Dutch was poor, most of Brel's later Dutch interpretations were translated by Ernst van Altena, with Brel's cooperation, and are generally considered to be relatively true to the original French and poetic.

Since a very poor result for a hole is no worse than a slightly-below-average result when playing against an opponent with an average score, it often makes sense to accept the higher risk connected with aggressive tactics.

Since large corporations tend to fulfil all the conditions of a wealthy entity, they accrue many of the same benefits over smaller businesses that the rich do over the poor.

Since " Life " wanted a perfect Saturday night, and one they considered typical, the photographer did not select a town still blighted by the Depression ... What " Life's "' readers wanted, it seemed, was a stereotyped village that confirmed their nostalgic beliefs about small towns in which no one is bored, poor, or lonely ; and the magazine's photographers and editors-like Norman Rockwell in his " Saturday Evening Post " covers-gave them exactly that kind of town.

Since the Maya lands were poor in these resources, they held comparatively little initial interest for the Spanish, who were attracted instead to central Mexico and Peru by promising reports of the greater rewards on offer there.

Since Switzerland was a poor country, young men often sought their fortunes abroad.

Since the retirement of Jack Dempsey in 1929, boxing had devolved into a sordid mixture of poor athletes, gambling, fixed fights, thrown matches and control of the sport by organized crime.

Since the costs of the school surpassed the family's means, the boy was supported by public resources and spent his school years in a dwelling for poor students ; he was given special attention and instruction by the rector of the Gymnasium, Georg Nikolaus Köhler, who sparked his interest in languages, loaned him Greek texts, and devised special exercises in which the boy had to reconstruct intelligible texts from fragments.

Since 1605, Alleyn had owned the manorial estate of Dulwich, and it may have been around this time that he first had the idea of establishing a college or hospital for poor people and the education of poor boys.

It operated as a Muslim seminary-internship and " workhouse " for all the poor of the city regardless of religion. Since 1922, the Imaret spaces were used to house refugees.

Since Khufu was said to have ruled for 50 years, the authors claim that the poor Egyptians had to suffer under both kings for altogether 106 years.

Since the air is a continuum, the network of communication remains intact regardless of the positions or motions of the points ( the people ) in the net.

Since the psychiatric interview, like any other interview, depends on communication, it is significant to note that the therapist in this interview was a man of marked skill and long experience.

Since the turn of the 21st century, many aspects of animal communication, animal emotions, animal culture, learning, and even sexual conduct that experts long thought they understood, have been reexamined, and new conclusions reached.

Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol ( VoIP ) " phone calls ", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites.

Since independence, Indonesian ( a form of Malay and official national language ) is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business.

Since the fixed-line voice communication monopoly ended on January 1, 2003, several companies entered the market for fixed voice communication services: Aeronavigācijas serviss, Baltkom TV, Beta Telecom, Latvenergo Tehniskais Centrs, OPTRON, Rigatta, Telecentrs, Telenets, Telekom Baltija and CSC Telecom.

Since all services are performed by usermode programs, efficient means of communication between programs are essential, far more so than in monolithic kernels.

Since then, radio communication has been used extensively in directing the pilgrimage and addressing the pilgrims.

Since joining Intersputnik in 1984, North Korea has operated 22 lines of frequency-division multiplexing and 10 lines of single channel per carrier for communication with Eastern Europe.

Since a pidgin language is a fundamentally simpler form of communication, the grammar and phonology are usually as simple as possible, and usually consist of:

Since the vocoder process sends only the parameters of the vocal model over the communication link, instead of a point by point recreation of the waveform, it allows a significant reduction in the bandwidth required to transmit speech.

Since the encrypted communication occurs “ below ” the OS level, it is less vulnerable to attacks by viruses, worms, and other threats that typically target the OS level.

Since 1994, the Benetton Group has financed a communication research centre in Treviso.

Since late 1980s, digital communication to the end user has been possible using Integrated Services Digital Network ( ISDN ) services.

Since he could see no obvious means of communication between the two he asserted that the inheritance of acquired characteristics was therefore impossible ; a conclusion now known as Weismann's barrier.

Since the scammer's operations must be untraceable to avoid identification, and because the scammer is often impersonating someone else, any communication between the scammer and his victim must be done through channels that hide the scammer's true identity.

Since there are less fine-grained deposits near the source, this is a place where aquifers are often unconfined ( sometimes called the forebay area ), or in hydraulic communication with the land surface.

Since it requires less energy to place a satellite into a LEO and the LEO satellite needs less powerful amplifiers for successful transmission, LEO is still used for many communication applications.

Since the nineties there is doctrinal consensus that the right extends to cell phone communication, but earlier this was contended.

* Transceivers – Since communication over a single wavelength is one-way ( simplex communication ), and most practical communication systems require two-way ( duplex communication ) communication, two wavelengths will be required ( which might or might not be on the same fiber, but typically they will be each on a separate fiber in a so-called fiber pair ).