Since the 1980s, Lennie Mace creates imaginative, ballpoint-only artwork of varying content and complexity, applied to unconventional surfaces including wood and denim.

Since the mid-1990s, starspot observations have been made using increasingly powerful techniques yielding more and more detail: photometry showed starspot growth and decay and showed cyclic behavior similar to the Sun's ; spectroscopy examined the structure of starspot regions by analyzing variations in spectral line splitting due to the Zeeman Effect ; Doppler imaging showed differential rotation of spots for several stars and distributions different from the Sun's ; spectral line analysis measured the temperature range of spots and the stellar surfaces.

Since surface area is a geometric notion, areas of congruent surfaces must be the same and area must depend only on the shape of the surface, but not on its position and orientation in space.

Since the wavelengths being observed with these types of antennas are so long, the " reflector " surfaces can be constructed from coarse wire mesh such as chicken wire.

Since Topelius's times the Finnish national landscape has often been experienced just like in his depiction: with wild, dark forests and lakes with silver-glistening surfaces reflecting a blue, fluffy-clouded sky.

Since a typical binocular has 6 to 10 optical elements with special characteristics and up to 16 air-to-glass surfaces, binocular manufactures use different types of optical coatings for technical reasons and to improve the image they produce.

Since objects can be seen by light in the visible spectrum from a source reflecting off their surfaces and hitting the viewer's eye, the most natural form of invisibility ( whether real or fictional ) is an object that neither reflects nor absorbs light ( that is, it allows light to pass through it ).

Since Polaroid sheet is dichroic, it will absorb impinging light of one plane of polarisation, so sunglasses will reduce the partially polarised light reflected from level surfaces such as windows and sheets of water, for example.

Since the surface of the road is almost parallel to the direction a motorcyclist moves while driving, only a small component of their velocity is directed perpendicularly ( though other surfaces may be perpendicular to the motorcyclist's velocity, such as trees, walls, and the sides of other vehicles ).

Since this occurs on curved areas, they are normally associated with the upper surfaces of the wing, the cockpit canopy, and the nose cone of the aircraft, areas with the highest local curvature.

Since Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune lack solid surfaces, the bus instead lands on one of their moons ( Io for Jupiter, Mimas for Saturn, Miranda for Uranus and Triton for Neptune.

Since most surfaces have a rough texture, it takes longer to achieve charging through contact than through rubbing.

Since the surface tension is the same in each of the three surfaces, the three angles between them must be equal to 120 °.

Since white is more of a neutral color, white surfaces are best suited for natural color tones ; as such, white projection surfaces are more common in most business and school presentation environments.

Since the Snark lacked a horizontal tail surface, it used elevons as its primary flight control surfaces, and it flew with an unusual nose-high angle during level flight.

* Since there is only one surface that needs to be ground and polished into a complex shape, overall fabrication is far simpler than other telescope designs ( Gregorians, cassegrains, and early refractors had two surfaces that need " figuring ".

Since water is a polar molecule with partial positive charges on both hydrogen atoms, it is attracted to cell surfaces and membranes.

Since control surfaces are designed to perform different functions, they vary widely in size, shape and number and type of controls.

Since the TRPM8 is expressed in neurons whose physiological role is to signal cooling, menthol applied to various bodily surfaces evokes a sensation of cooling.

* Since some of the glass surfaces are at an angle against the incident beam some polarization by reflection effects can result.

Since the invention of photography, a gravestone might include a framed photograph or cameo of the deceased ; photographic images or artwork ( showing the loved one, or some other image relevant to their life, interests or achievements ) are sometimes now engraved onto smooth stone surfaces.

Since trail running take place on softer surfaces ( e. g., grass, dirt ) than road races, cushioning is not as important so often the shoes are less ' cushioned ' than their counterparts designed for tarmac.

Since the stress is now spread out over some area, the stress at any given point has less of a chance of overwhelming the total adhesive force between the surfaces.

Since a green / blue tint signifies copious amounts of water, a strong updraft to support it, high winds from the storm raining out, and wet hail ; all elements that improve the chance for it to become severe, can all be inferred from this.

Since the recent construction of a golf course located on Kentucky Route 11, this portion of Kentucky law may be relevant: According to Kentucky Revised Statutes ( KRS ) 242. 123, an individual precinct within any dry territory — which can be a dry county, or a dry portion of an otherwise wet county — that contains a USGA-regulation golf course may vote to allow the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Since cuts are more likely when using safety razors and straight razors, wet shaving is generally done in more than one pass with the blade.

Since the solvent recovery is less than 100 %, and because dry cleaning does not remove water-based stains well, entrepreneurs have developed the wet cleaning process, which is, in essence, cold-water washing and air drying, using a computer-controlled washer and dryer.

Since foam neoprene contains gas pockets, the material compresses under water pressure, getting thinner at greater depths ; a 7 mm neoprene wet suit offers much less exposure protection under 100 feet of water than at the surface.

Since he wants Varinia as a concubine, he purchases a wet nurse for her baby.

Since the dry suit can contain air, some divers control their buoyancy with the dry suit and dive without the usual BCD / buoyancy control vest that is commonly worn by wet suit divers.

Since it allowed alcohol sales before annexation, it remained " wet " although the vast majority of Richardson was at the time " dry ".

Since 1995, the US wet feet, dry feet policy has generally allowed Cubans who reach dry land in the U. S. to stay while those intercepted at sea by the U. S. Coast Guard are returned to Cuba.

Since 2006 the scales on some knife models can have texturized non-slip inlays incorporated, intended for sufficient grip with moist or wet hands.

Since the ease of writing with a brush is even greater than that of writing with a stylus in wet clay, it is assumed that the style and structure of Shang graphs on bamboo were similar to those on bronzes, and also that the majority of writing occurred with a brush on such books.

Since the kiln method shunts the smoke away from the wet malt, a smoky flavour is not imparted to the grain, nor to the subsequent beer.

Since completely slick tyres are outlawed on most roads due to their inability to handle wet pavement, the " cheater slick " became a popular item in the hot rod world in the 1960s ; a typical slick type tyre, but engraved with the absolute minimal amount of tread grooves required to satisfy legal requirements.

Since the 1980s the Trust has campaigned to save wetlands in the Gordano Valley in North Somerset where Clapton Moor ( 40 hectares of grassland ) near Clapton in Gordano, Weston Big Wood, ( 38 hectares of ancient woodland ), and Weston Moor ( 59 hectares of wet grassland ) near Weston in Gordano and Walton Common north east of Walton in Gordano are now rich in birdlife.

Since 1991 the CPSC has mandated by US law that all dryers must use a ground fault circuit interrupter so that it cannot electrocute a person if it gets wet.

Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity within a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes.

Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year, they do not technically have a wet season.

Since colors will usually mix if one is laid over top of another while both are wet, full paintings ( requiring at most only a few minutes of detail work after the main work is dry ) can be produced in a short period of time – Alexander and Ross could produce an entire landscape in under half an hour on their respective television shows, The Magic of Oil Painting and The Joy of Painting.

Since it was the wet season, and she did not have a consistent plan for travel, the locals were concerned for her safety.

Since there is no minimum threshold for a safe level of outdoor asbestos particle concentration, it should be handled by making it wet in order to prevent the escape of particles.

Clarkson told People that one of her favourite moments on television was performing " Since U Been Gone " at the MTV Video Music Awards, saying " I hate being all dressed up, so the fact that I was soaking wet with mascara smeared all over my face was definitely the highlight of my evening!

Since then, in what has become known as the " wet foot, dry foot " policy, a Cuban caught on the waters between the two nations ( i. e., with " wet feet ") would summarily be sent home or to a third country.

Since liquid advances over previously dry surface but recedes from previously wet surface, contact angle hysteresis can also arise if the solid has been altered due to its previous contact with the liquid ( e. g., by a chemical reaction, or absorption ).