Since frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional, this is equivalent to saying that the frequency of the light is reduced towards the red part of the light spectrum, giving this phenomenon the name redshift.

Since the electron's wavelength is determined by its momentum, orbitals containing higher speed electrons show contraction due to smaller wavelengths.

Since fluorescence emission differs in wavelength ( color ) from the excitation light, an ideal fluorescent image shows only the structure of interest that was labeled with the fluorescent dye.

Since the refractive index for a given medium changes depending on the wavelength of light, Brewster's angle will also vary with wavelength.

Since with electromagnetic radiation like microwaves frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, the wavelength of the waves is also affected.

* Transceivers – Since communication over a single wavelength is one-way ( simplex communication ), and most practical communication systems require two-way ( duplex communication ) communication, two wavelengths will be required ( which might or might not be on the same fiber, but typically they will be each on a separate fiber in a so-called fiber pair ).

Since is a function of wavelength, a molar circular dichroism value () must specify the wavelength at which it is valid.

Since the wavenumber k, is the inverse of wavelength ( k = 1 / λ ) the previous equation can be rewritten as

Since that refractive index varies with wavelength, it follows that the angle that the light is refracted by will also vary with wavelength, causing an angular separation of the colors known as angular dispersion.

Since the size of a directional antenna depends on it being large compared to the wavelength, very directional antennas of this sort are mainly feasible at UHF and microwave frequencies.

Since the first ionization energy of hydrogen and oxygen are both 14 eV, the spectrum of ionizing radiation is commonly defined to start at approximately 10 eV ( equivalent to a far ultraviolet wavelength of 124 nanometers ).

Since blue light is at the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum, it is more strongly scattered in the atmosphere than long wavelength red light.

Since the basic physical phenomenon is based on diffraction, the periodicity of the photonic crystal structure has to be of the same length-scale as half the wavelength of the EM waves i. e. ~ 200 nm ( blue ) to 350 nm ( red ) for photonic crystals operating in the visible part of the spectrum-the repeating regions of high and low dielectric constants have to be of this dimension.

Since cones respond to both the wavelength and intensity of light, the cone's sensitivity to wavelength is measured in terms of its relative rate of response if the intensity of a stimulus is held fixed, while the wavelength is varied.

Since the likelihood of response of a given cone varies not only with the wavelength of the light that hits it but also with its intensity, the brain would not be able to discriminate different colors if it had input from only one type of cone.

Since the signal travels from the SAR antenna to the target and back again, the measured displacement is twice the unit of wavelength.

Since a decrease in energy corresponds to an increase in light's wavelength, this effect would produce a redshift in spectral lines that increase proportionally with the distance of the source.

Since a pure sine wave cannot convey any information, some change in amplitude or frequency, known as modulation, is required.

Since the signal frequency is changing, by the time the signal returns to the aircraft the transmit frequency has changed.

Since time is the reciprocal of frequency, it is relatively easy to derive a time standard from a frequency standard.

Since the local oscillator would rapidly drift in frequency, an automatic correction signal was applied to the oscillator, maintaining it in the same phase and frequency as the desired signal.

Since individual harmonic amplitudes are measured, it is required that the manufacturer disclose the test signal frequency range, level and gain conditions, and number of measurements taken.

Since the sound frequency is infrasonic, around 4 Hz, the effect is very uncomfortable for occupants, who feel the vibration rather than hear it.

Since the frequency range of the typical noise experiment ( e. g. 1 Hz – 1 kHz ) is low compared with typical microscopic " attempt frequencies " ( e. g. 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > Hz ), the exponential factors in the Arrhenius equation for the rates are large.

Since the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) amended rules to allow frequency hopping spread spectrum systems in the unregulated 2. 4 GHz band, many consumer devices in that band have employed various spread-spectrum modes.

Since transposition does not affect the frequency of individual symbols, simple transposition can be easily detected by the cryptanalyst by doing a frequency count.

Multiply by the switching frequency on the load capacitances to get the current used, and multiply by voltage again to get the characteristic switching power dissipated by a CMOS device:. Since most gates do not operate / switch at every clock cycle, they are often accompanied by a factor, called the activity factor.

Since energy and momentum are related in the same way as frequency and wavenumber in special relativity, it followed that the momentum p of a photon is proportional to its wavenumber k.

Since the exactness of quartz oscillators is limited, real cards will have slightly higher or lower frequency.

Since 2005, UB has been particularly active and has increased the frequency of student activities, and is responsible for the emergence of the school spirit and booster group Scarlet Fever ; UB it has been active since its founding on November 23, 1938.

Since a delay line held a defined number of bits, the frequency of the clock had to change with the temperature of the mercury.

Since different frequency components of the signal are affected independently, it is highly unlikely that all parts of the signal will be simultaneously affected by a deep fade.

Since the difference in the energy levels of the electrons is determined by the external magnetic field, there is a frequency at which this small AC field will cause the electrons to change states.

Since then, the superheterodyne circuit, with its intermediate frequency, has been used in virtually all radio receivers.

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.

Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.

Since we can neither undo nor redo the past, we are limited to the events of today and tomorrow.

Since the recognition of Israel as a nation state, claims are made in many cases which identify the claimant as a member of the new body politic.

Since accurate base maps are necessary for any planning program, the first step taken by the planning division to implement the long-range state plan has been to prepare two series of base maps -- one at a scale of 1 inch to a mile, and the second a series of 26 sheets at a scale of 1 inch to 2000 feet, covering the entire state.

Since conventional methods are insensitive at the low frequencies of these molecular transitions, the paramagnetic resonance method is being used instead.

Since broadcast frequencies are very limited in number, these objectives are to some extent inconsistent in that not all of them can be fully realized, and to the extent that each is realized, there is a corresponding reduction of the possibilities for fullest achievement of the others.

Since the provision of skywave service requires adequate freedom from interference, only class 1, stations are capable of rendering skywave service.

Since the sides are also covered up to the spray rails, they are also rough-sanded in that area.

Since fly cutters are one sided and not balanced, they should be used at the slowest speed available, and fed very slowly to avoid binding.

Since there are almost no schools in the country offering graduate work in interior design this rule cannot at present be observed.

Since charges are relatively the same, reserving a car before you leave for Europe will assure you of having one on tap when you want it.

Since practical washing procedures are both lengthy and expensive, a number of laboratory tests have been developed for the numerical evaluation of detergents.

Since the circulating thyroid hormones are the amino acids thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine ( cf. Section C ), it is clear that some mechanism must exist in the thyroid gland for their release from proteins before secretion.

Since emotional reactions in the higher vertebrates depend on individual experience and are aroused in man, in addition, by complex symbols, one would expect that the hypothalamus could be excited from the cortex.

Since Af are distinct prime polynomials, the polynomials Af are relatively prime ( Theorem 8, Chapter 4 ).

Since D and D' are both diagonalizable and they commute, they are simultaneously diagonalizable, and Af is diagonalizable.

Since N and N' are both nilpotent and they commute, the operator Af is nilpotent ; ;

Since Af are linearly independent functions and the exponential function has no zeros, these R functions Af, form a basis for the space of solutions.

Since the choice is by lot each week, the outcomes of different trials are independent.

Since two curves of symbol Af on Q intersect in Af points, it follows that there are Af lines of Af which are tangent to Aj.