Skepticism or scepticism ( see spelling differences ) is generally any questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or opinions / beliefs stated as facts, or doubt regarding claims that are taken for granted elsewhere.

Skepticism is in this view valuable since it encourages continued investigation.

Skepticism is an important aspect of Tibetan Buddhism, an attitude of critical skepticism is encouraged to promote abilities in analytic meditation.

Skepticism might be applied when extinct species are included in trees that are wholly or partly based on DNA sequence data, due to the fact that little useful " ancient DNA " is preserved for longer than 100, 000 years, and except in the most unusual circumstances no DNA sequences long enough for use in phylogenetic analyses have yet been recovered from material over 1 million years old.

The legacy of Pyrrhonism is described in Richard Popkin's The History of Skepticism from Erasmus to Descartes and High Road to Pyrrhonism.

The New Skepticism described by Paul Kurtz is scientific skepticism.

Skepticism is part of the scientific method ; for instance an experimental result is not regarded as established until it can be shown to be repeatable independently.

Skepticism is an approach to strange or unusual claims where doubt is preferred to belief, given a lack of conclusive evidence.

Skepticism regarding her goddess-centered Old Europe thesis is widespread within the academic community.

Skepticism, much less any solution to skepticism, is a thesis in itself.

They emphasize the uncertainty of applying new technology while it is still being researched, and advocate discontinuing the use of brain fingerprinting in criminal and counterterrorism cases until more research has been completed ( Fox 2006b " Brain Fingerprinting Skepticism ", Abdollah 2003 " Issues: Brain Fingerprinting ").

Academic skeptics ( so called because this was the type of Skepticism taught in Plato's Academy in Athens ) hold that all knowledge is impossible, except for the knowledge that all other knowledge is impossible.

Skepticism is a funeral doom metal band from Finland.

Now in its 60th year of publication, J. C. is undergoing a revival and expansion under the leadership of its new editor, Lawrence Bush, whose new column, " Religion and Skepticism ," contends playfully with many manifestations of the " spirituality " of contemporary American culture.

Skepticism proposes that Truth is unknowable, which can be challenged by responding with the peritrope — the question, Well, then, how do you know that to be true?

He and James Randi delivered a lecture entitled Skepticism, which related directly with the convention's theme of The Democratization of Information: Power, Peril, and Promise.

* Skepticism about RCT results may not always be extended to conditions or diseases not central to the study.

* DeRose, Keith ( 1999 ) " Responding to Skepticism ", Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader.

Skepticism evolved epistemology out of metaphysics.

* Skepticism: Scientific facts must not be based solely on faith.

* Hicks, Stephen R. C. ( 2004 ) Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault ( ISBN 1-59247-646-5 )

* Le Morvan, P., " Healthy Skepticism and Practical Wisdom ," Logos & Episteme II, 1 ( 2011 ): 87-102.

* " In the Name of Skepticism: Martin Gardner's Misrepresentations of General Semantics ", by Bruce I. Kodish, appeared in General Semantics Bulletin, Number 71, 2004.

The Radical Rhetoric of the English Deists: The Discourse of Skepticism, 1680 – 1750.

The school's popularity grew and it became, along with Stoicism and Skepticism, one of the three dominant schools of Hellenistic Philosophy, lasting strongly through the later Roman Empire.

* Hicks, Stephen R. C. Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault ( Scholargy Publishing, 2004 ).

* Koller, John M. Skepticism in Early Indian Thought, Philosophy East and West ( 1977 ).

Extraordinary Knowing: Science, Skepticism, and the Inexplicable Powers of the Human Mind.

* Level 4: Skepticism and adoption of scientific method.

Skepticism exists about the truthfulness of the story, suggesting that the ship may have never actually existed, but has become something of a legend.

* Sextus Empiricus, Selections from the Major Writings on Skepticism Man and God.

This arrangement was for Copernicus literally monstrous: `` With ( the Ptolemaists ) it is as though an artist were to gather the hands, feet, head and other members for his images from divers models, each part excellently drawn, but not related to a single body ; ;

On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

There is, of course, nothing new about dystopias, for they belong to a literary tradition which, including also the closely related satiric utopias, stretches from at least as far back as the eighteenth century and Swift's Gulliver's Travels to the twentieth century and Zamiatin's We, Capek's War With The Newts, Huxley's Brave New World, E. M. Forster's `` The Machine Stops '', C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, and which in science fiction is represented before the present deluge as early as Wells's trilogy, The Time Machine, `` A Story Of The Days To Come '', and When The Sleeper Wakes, and as recently as Jack Williamson's `` With Folded Hands '' ( 1947 ), the classic story of men replaced by their own robots.

The theme of The Walnut Trees Of Altenburg is most closely related to its immediate predecessor in Malraux's array of novels: Man's Hope ( 1937 ).

Lawrence Ferlenghetti and Bruce Lippincott have concentrated on writing a new poetry for reading with jazz that is very closely related to both the musical forms of jazz, and the vocabulary of the musician.

Closely related to his illusions about his typicality is Krim's complicated feeling about his Jewishness.

In view of the increasing shortage of usable surface and ground water in many parts of the Nation and the importance of finding new sources of supply to meet its present and future water needs, it is the policy of the Congress to provide for the development of practicable low-cost means for the large-scale production of water of a quality suitable for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and other beneficial consumptive uses from saline water, and for studies and research related thereto.

Prior to and since 1960 the rest of the support allotment is matched at rates related to the fiscal capacity of the State, with a pivot of 40% State ( or 60% Federal ) participation in total program costs.

These roads are largely of less than highway standards, and usually carry traffic which is related to use of the National Forests.

New obligational authority for 1961 recommended in this budget for aircraft procurement ( excluding amounts for related research and construction ) totals $4,753 million, which is $1,390 million below that enacted for 1960.

At that time consideration will be given to whether in the light of the United States supplies of rice available for Title 1, disposal, India's production, consumption and stocks of food grains, other imports from the United States and countries friendly to the United States, India's storage capacity, and other related factors, any increase would be possible in the portion of the total rice programmed which is currently planned for procurement during the first year.

Shape of the area is also related to the use attractions and needs of the development.

Every single problem touched on thus far is related to good marketing planning.

Such an instrument is expected to be especially useful if it could be used to measure the elasticity of heavy pastes such as printing inks, paints, adhesives, molten plastics, and bread dough, for the elasticity is related to those various properties termed `` length '', `` shortness '', `` spinnability '', etc., which are usually judged by subjective methods at present.

Although the Af calculation is obvious by analogy with that for gravitational field and osmotic pressure, it is interesting to confirm it by a method which can be generalized to include related effects.

Although there is no question but that the process of washing fabrics involves a number of phenomena which are related together in an extremely complicated way and that these phenomena and their interrelations are not well understood at the present, this section attempts to present briefly an up-to-date picture of the physical chemistry of washing either fabrics or hard surfaces.

This `` ejection '' momentum is linearly related to the particle energy.

The mass scale used in Table 5-1 was derived on the assumption that the motion of the glowing trail is related to the momentum transfer to the trail by the meteorite, permitting the calculation of the mass if the velocity is known ( Cook and Whipple, 1958 ).

Furthermore, conditioned reactions are fundamentally altered when the hypothalamic sympathetic reactivity is augmented beyond a critical level, and several types of behavioral changes probably related to the degree of central autonomic `` tuning '' are observed.

Several related tasks must be carried out if self-sustaining growth is to be achieved.

Closely related to this function is the fact that the religious system provides a body of ultimate ends for the society, which are compatible with the supreme eternal ends.