Software can be patented in some but not all countries ; however, software patents can be controversial in the software industry with many people holding different views about it.

In March 1994 CDE became the responsibility of the " new OSF ", a merger of the Open Software Foundation and Unix International ;

Many years later these alpha versions were sanctioned by id Software because of historical interest ; they reveal how the game progressed from its early design stages.

Eiffel Software, " The Eiffel Compiler " tecomp and Eiffel-library-developer Gobo have committed to implementing the standard ; Eiffel Software's EiffelStudio 6. 1 and " The Eiffel Compiler " tecomp implement some of the major new mechanisms — in particular, inline agents, assigner commands, bracket notation, non-conforming inheritance, and attached types.

* Bertrand Meyer: < cite > Object-Oriented Software Construction </ cite >, Prentice Hall: first edition, 1988 ; second edition, 1997.

For 2006, $ 9. 6 billion of revenue came from the Americas ( Canada, Latin America, and the United States ); $ 8 billion from Europe, Middle East, and Africa ; $ 1. 5 billion from Asia-Pacific ; Services ' revenue was: Infrastructure $ 12 billion, Applications Software $ 5. 9 billion, Business Process Outsourcing $ 3 billion and all other $ 421 million.

Software classified as freeware is licensed at no cost and is either fully functional for an unlimited time ; or has only basic functions enabled with a fully functional version available commercially or as shareware.

System and power management and built in peripheral and support functions: Two 82C59A interrupt controllers ; Timer, Counter ( 3 channels ); Asynchronous SIO ( 2 channels ); Synchronous SIO ( 1 channel ); Watchdog timer ( Hardware / Software ); PIO.

During its early days, Id Software produced much more varied games ; these include the early 3D first person shooter experiments that led to Wolfenstein 3D and Doom — Hovertank 3D and Catacomb 3D.

Tom Hall was forced to resign by Id Software during the early days of Doom development, but not before he had some impact ; he was responsible, for example, for the inclusion of teleporters in the game.

Aspects of the Free Software community, like the Free Software movement, the GNU Project and its copyleft principle are a type of a gift economy for information and software ; a gift economy is the preferred economic system of anarcho-communists.

Software limitations may result in its display either in full-sized capitals ( RUN ) or in full-sized capitals of a smaller font ; either is anyway regarded as an acceptable substitute for genuine small caps .</ ref > A related concept is the lemma ( or citation form ), which is a particular form of a lexeme that is chosen by convention to represent a canonical form of a lexeme.

Several major computer-related organizations have originated at MIT since the 1980s: Richard Stallman's GNU Project and the subsequent Free Software Foundation were founded in the mid-1980s at the AI Lab ; the MIT Media Lab was founded in 1985 by Nicholas Negroponte and Jerome Wiesner to promote research into novel uses of computer technology ; the World Wide Web Consortium standards organization was founded at the Laboratory for Computer Science in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee ; the OpenCourseWare project has made course materials for over 2, 000 MIT classes available online free of charge since 2002 ; and the One Laptop per Child initiative to expand computer education and connectivity to children worldwide was launched in 2005.

; Part 5: Describes systems for Software simulation.

NeXT withdrew from the hardware business in 1993 and the company was renamed NeXT Software Inc ; subsequently 300 of the 540 staff employees were laid off.

These included ITASCA ( Itasca Systems ), Jasmine ( Fujitsu, marketed by Computer Associates ), Matisse ( Matisse Software ), Objectivity / DB ( Objectivity, Inc .), ObjectStore ( Progress Software, acquired from eXcelon which was originally Object Design ), ONTOS ( Ontos, Inc., name changed from Ontologic ), O < sub > 2 </ sub >< ref > Bancilhon, Francois ; Delobel, Claude ; and Kanellakis, Paris.

; Software

acquire secret processes, technical data, inventions, patent applications, patents, licenses, land and interests in land ( including water rights ), plants and facilities, and other property or rights by purchase, license, lease, or donation ; ;

Newcomers to a market may find it difficult to find loans, acquire shelf space, or receive official sanction to sell their product or services ; in technological fields, they may be accused of infringing on patents that the established competitors never assert against each other.

In 1894 and 1895 he filed patents and addenda in various countries for his Diesel engine ; the first patents were issued in Spain ( No. 16, 654 ), France ( No. 243, 531 ) and Belgium ( No. 113, 139 ) in December 1894, and in Germany ( No. 86, 633 ) in 1895 and the United States ( No. 608, 845 ) in 1898.

While the RSA patent expired in 2000, there are patents in force covering certain aspects of ECC technology, though some argue that the Federal elliptic curve digital signature standard ( ECDSA ; NIST FIPS 186-3 ) and certain practical ECC-based key exchange schemes ( including ECDH ) can be implemented without infringing them.

Armstrong received 42 patents in total ; a selection are listed below:

For example, MP3 support was disabled in both Rhythmbox and XMMS ; instead, Red Hat recommended using Ogg Vorbis, which has no patents.

A request for reviewing the WARF patents 5, 843, 780 ; 6, 200, 806 ; 7, 029, 913 US Patent and Trademark Office were filed by non-profit patent-watchdogs The Foundation for Taxpayer & Consumer Rights, and the Public Patent Foundation as well as molecular biologist Jeanne Loring of the Burnham Institute.

; 1876: Scottish-born inventor Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone.

Silas Lamoreaux was commissioner and not recorder ; Hoke Smith was Secretary of the Interior, not secretary to sign patents ...

In 1898, Horace Short patented a design for a loudspeaker driven by compressed air ; he then sold the rights to Charles Parsons, who was issued several additional British patents before 1910.

Steinway has registered around 130 patents ; however most have expired.

Louis Gathmann ( August 11, 1843 – 1917 ), engineer and an inventor, started his career designing equipment for mills and farms ; he is notable for holding numerous patents.

AOL later acquired Mirabilis, the authors of ICQ ; a few years later ICQ ( now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U. S. patent office.

I have given such descriptions of engines for wheel carriages as I could do in the time and space I could allow myself ; but it is very defective and can only serve to keep other people from similar patents.

( This citation has no mention of Gabriel Voisin, who was not involved in aviation at the time ; neither are there patents to substantiate this claim )

Monsanto stated that he was infringing their patents because the soybeans he bought from the elevator were new products that he purchased for use as seeds without a license from Monsanto ; Bowman stated that he had not infringed due to patent exhaustion on the first sale of seed to whatever farmers had produced the crops that he bought from the elevator, on the grounds that for seed, all future generations are embodied in the first generation that was originally sold.

The activists claim it was not an invention of Monsanto but rather bio-piracy, because the virus-resistant plants originated in India and were registered in international seed banks ; they further claimed that conventional breeding methods were used to transfer the virus resistance genes from an Indian melon to other melons and that European law prohibits patents on conventional breeding.

Arkwright's innovations were not confined to developing workers ' settlements ; he also had patents on many technologies used for water-powered spinning.

Outputs included patents, technology transfer, and other R & D results ; business performance, such as labor productivity and total shareholder returns ; and the impact of innovation on business migration and economic growth.

The granting of these patents was highly popular with the monarch because of the potential for raising revenue ; A patentee was expected to pay heavily for the patent, and unlike a tax raise ( another method of raising Crown money ) any public unrest as a result of the patent was normally directed at the patentee, not the monarch.

NATO headquarters in Europe ; ;

Air Force forward headquarters in Europe and in the Pacific, which control tactical fighters on ships and land bases ; ;

This is an area nearly as large as Western Europe ; ;

Next we imagine our blizzard raging over all the land areas of the entire globe -- North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa, all covered with peas four feet deep ; ;

He had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier ; this made him the first Academy Award winner in history.

To the east, the boundaries of the ocean proper are Europe ; the Strait of Gibraltar ( where it connects with the Mediterranean Sea – one of its marginal seas – and, in turn, the Black Sea, both of which also touch upon Asia ) and Africa.

The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe ; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones.

Suggested alternatives include: a community under the pressure of starvation or extreme social stress, dismemberment and cannibalism as religious ritual or in response to religious conflict, the influx of outsiders seeking to drive out a settled agricultural community via calculated atrocity, or an invasion of a settled region by nomadic raiders who practiced cannibalism ; such peoples have existed in other times and places, e. g. the Androphagi of Europe.

Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, Euro-Atlantic Partnership ; World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies ; the International Monetary Fund ; and the World Bank.

MtDNA Haplogroup D is found frequently throughout East Asia and Central Asia, and is also common in some populations of North Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Americas ; in addition, it has been found with low frequency in some populations of Europe and Southwest Asia.

The constellations of the Zodiac of western Asia and Europe were not used ; instead the sky is divided into Three Enclosures ( 三垣 sān yuán ), and Twenty-eight Mansions ( 二十八宿 èrshíbā xiù ) in twelve Ci ( 十二次 ).

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.