The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns and thrones on the Electress Sophia of Hanover ( a granddaughter of James I ) and her Protestant heirs.

The Act of Settlement provided that the throne would pass to the Electress Sophia of Hanover – a granddaughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England, niece of Charles I of Scotland and England – and her Protestant descendants who had not married a Roman Catholic ; those who were Roman Catholic, and those who married a Roman Catholic, were barred from ascending the throne " for ever ".

Elizabeth bore nine children who reached adulthood, of whom Sophia of Hanover was the youngest.

He was born in Berlin to Frederick I of Prussia and Sophia Charlotte of Hanover.

Frederick William married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, George II's younger sister ( daughter of his uncle, King George I of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle ) on 28 November 1706.

Rather than return to her Roman Catholic brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the English Parliament decided that Sophia of Hanover and her descendants should succeed ( Act of Settlement 1701 ).

* 1714 – Sophia of Hanover ( b. 1630 )

* 1687 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen consort in Prussia ( d. 1757 )

* 1668 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort in Prussia ( d. 1705 )

* 1630 – Sophia of Hanover, Princess Palatine and Electress of Saxony ( d. 1714 )

For her daughter, see Sophia Charlotte of Hanover ; For her grand-daughter, see Sophia Dorothea of Hanover.

Sophia of the Palatinate ( commonly referred to as Sophia of Hanover ; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714 ) was the Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698.

Sophia, a granddaughter of James VI and I, died less than two months before she would have become queen ; her claim to the thrones passed on to her eldest son, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, who ascended them as George I on 1 August 1714 Old Style.

Therefore, Sophia became Electress of Hanover, the title by which she is best-remembered.

Dirk Van der Cruysse: Sophie de Hanovre, Memoires et Lettres de Voyage, Fayard Paris, 1990 ; also Sophia of Hanover: From Winter Princess to Heiress of Great Britain, J. N.

Sophia became a friend and admirer of Gottfried Leibniz while he was librarian at the Court of Hanover.

Sophia as dowager Electress of Hanover, around the time she was proclaimed heiress presumptive of the British crown.

A year later, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement 1701 declaring that, in the default of legitimate issue from Anne or William III, the crowns were to settle upon " the most excellent princess Sophia, electress and duchess-dowager of Hanover " and " the heirs of her body, being Protestant ".

From his youth, he was attached to the royal court and held the office of Chamberlain to Queen Sophia.

From Southern Europe there is the 14th century Catalan manuscript Llibre de Sent Soví (" The Book of Saint Sophia ") and several Italian collections, notably the Venetian mid-14th century Libro per Cuoco, with its 135 recipes alphabetically arranged.

From 1760 to 1761 she wrote for the periodical The Lady's Museum, which contained material which would eventually comprise her 1762 novel Sophia.

From then on, she was styled Her Royal Highness Princess Sophia of Gloucester.

From 1997 to 2000, Mark was one of only three Chinese-Canadian MPs in the House of Commons ; the other two were Raymond Chan and Sophia Leung.

From there, Sophia asks Philo to clarify knowledge and love of God.

From Him was born or put forth Nûs, and from Nûs Logos, from Logos Phronesis, from Phronesis Sophia and Dynamis, from Sophia and Dynamis principalities, powers, and angels.

The goddess Sophia was introduced into Anthroposophy by its founder, Rudolf Steiner, in his book The Goddess: From Natura to Divine Sophia and a later compilation of his writings titled Isis Mary Sophia.

*#*#*# From his marriage to Sophia

From 1703 Petzold worked as organist at St. Sophia ( Sophienkirche ) in Dresden, and in 1709 he became court chamber composer and organist.

Sophia, 17, No. 2, Winter 2007.

A daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth Stuart, also known as the " Winter King and Queen of Bohemia " for their short rule in that country, Sophia was born in The Wassenaer Hof, The Hague, Dutch Republic, where her parents fled into exile after the Battle of White Mountain. She was also the granddaughter of James VI of Scotland., At birth, Sophia was granted an annuity of 40 thalers by the Estates of Friesland.

Sekkou Zouha, Zhen-Lin Zhang, Bruno P. Zehnder, Marinos Yeroulanos, Worldwide Fund for Nature, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, Paul Winter, Wildlife Clubs of Kenya, Joe Walulya-Mukasa, Aminata Wade, Lily Venizelos, Tsitsi Vangili, UNEPCOM, George H. Tomlinson, Anitra Thorhaug, Peter S. Thacher, Maurice Strong, Marion Stoddart, Stichting Werkgroep Behoud Tropisch Regenwoud, Chodchoy Sophonpanich, Ben Soans, Ully Sigar, Jill Sheppard, Philip Shabecoff, Sahabat Alam, Omda Sabil, Margaret Robertson, Robert Redford, Peter Raven, Gabor Racz, Carlos Pizani, Claiborne Pell, Bernard Lédéa Ouédraogo, The Nature Conservancy, National Geographic Society, Wlodzimierz Michajlow, Chico Mendes, Igor Mann, George Livanos, Guy Lionnet, Geoffrey Lean, Thomas Landgren, King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation, Sophia Wambui Kiarie, Mugamir Eisa Khalifa, Mohamed Kassas, Mr. G. V. and Mrs. K. Karlekar, Abdullahi Karani, Petar Jovanovic, Instituto Forestal Latinoamericano, Satu Huttunen, Soichiro Honda, Sir Edmund Hillary, Rene Daniel Haller, Grupo de los Cien, Green Great Wall Group, Green Belt Movement ( Wangari Maathai ), Juan Grau, Joseph Glascott, Grigory Galazii, Fundación para la Defensa de la Naturaleza, Fundación para la Defensa del Ambiente ( FUNAM ), Fundación Natura, Vladimir Flint, Environmental Management Journal, Diario El Comercio, Bedrettin Dalan, Luc Cuyvers, Herman Contraries Manfredi, College of African Wildlife Management, Brian Clark, China Environmental News ( CEN ), Caribbean Conservation Association, Charles Caccia, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Bob Brown, Lester R. Brown, Francis Boateng, Chandiprasad Bhatt, Bellerive Foundation, Bamburi Portland Cement Ltd., David Attenborough, Asociación Peruana para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, George W. Archibald, Arab Office for Youth and Environment ( AOYE ), Azaria Alon, Anil Agarwal

In 1701, senior living representatives of lines passed over in favor of Sophia included Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans, Louis Otto, Prince of Salm and his sisters, Anne Henriette, Princess of Condé, Benedicta Henrietta, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Sophia's sister Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate.

* Print after Amigoni of Princess Amelia Sophia Eleanora

* 1773 – Princess Sophia of Gloucester ( d. 1844 )

* 1777 – Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom ( d. 1848 )

* 1768 – Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom, ( d. 1840 )

Sophia, Princess Palatine, and Electress of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Before her marriage, Sophia, as the daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, was referred to as Sophie, Princess Palatine of the Rhine, or as Sophia of the Palatinate.

* October 25 – The steamer Princess Sophia sinks on Vanderbilt Reef near Juneau, Alaska ; 353 people die in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.

** Juan Carlos of Spain marries the Greek Princess Sophia in Athens.

* November 29 – Princess Sophia of Gloucester ( b. 1773 )

* November 23 – Sophia, Princess of Zelle, queen of George I of Great Britain ( b. 1666 )

In 1421, at age 8, Frederick was betrothed to Princess Jadwiga of Lithuania, but she died on 8 December 1431, before the marriage could take place, purportedly poisoned by her stepmother Sophia of Halshany.

The death in 1431 of Princess Jadwiga, the last heir of Piast blood, released Władysław to make his sons by Sophia of Halshany his heirs, though he had to sweeten the Polish nobles with concessions to ensure their agreement, since the monarchy was elective.

***** HRH The Princess Augusta Sophia ( 1768 – 1840 )

***** HRH The Princess Sophia ( 1777 – 1848 )

***** HRH Princess Sophia of Gloucester ( 1773 – 1844 )

** HM The Princess Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia ( 1687 – 1757 )

The German Emperor Wilhelm II, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, Duke Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke Ernst August of Brunswick were Edward's nephews ; Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Crown Princess Sophia of Greece, Empress Alexandra of Russia, Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen were his nieces ; Haakon VII of Norway was both his nephew by marriage and his son-in-law ; George I of Greece and Frederick VIII of Denmark were his brothers-in-law ; Albert I of Belgium, Charles I and Manuel II of Portugal, and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria were his second cousins.

By the terms of the English Act of Settlement 1701, George's mother, Sophia, was designated as the heir to the English throne if the then reigning monarch ( William III ) and his sister-in-law, Princess Anne of Denmark ( later Queen Anne ) died without surviving issue.