The beginning of his episcopacy was remarkable for a prodigy by which is related by Socrates, Philostorgius, the chronicle of Alexandria, & c. St. Cyril, an eye-witness wrote immediately to the emperor Constantius, an exact account of this miraculous phenomenon: and his letter is quoted as a voucher for it by Sozomen, Theophanes, Eutychius, John of Nice, Glycas, and others.

As for the East, the Greek ecclesiastical historians Socrates and Sozomen, who wrote a century after the event, reported that the First Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) considered ordering all married clergy to refrain from conjugal relations, but the Council was dissuaded by Paphnutius of Thebes.

Sozomen wrote two works on church history, of which only the second one is extant.

( Sozomen wrote about the time of Pope Xystus III ) Thomassin's explanation of Sozomen's statement is that there was no preaching in the sense of an elaborate or finished discourse before the time of Pope Leo — with the exception, perhaps, of the address on virginity by Pope Liberius to Marcellina, sister of St. Ambrose, on the occasion of her taking the veil, which is regarded as a private discourse.

For example in the mid 350 ’ s the city of Jerusalem was hit with drastic food shortages at which point church historians Sozomen and Theodoret reported “ Cyril secretly sold sacramental ornaments of the church and a valuable holy robe, fashioned with gold thread that the emperor Constantine had once donated for the bishop to wear when he performed the rite of Baptism ”.

The fifth century Christian historian Sozomen claimed that the relics of Habakkuk were found at Cela, when God revealed their location to Zebennus, bishop of Eleutheropolis, in a dream.

Socrates of Constantinople, also known as Socrates Scholasticus, not to be confused with the Classical Greek philosopher Socrates, was a Greek Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret, who used his work ; he was born at Constantinople c. 380: the date of his death is unknown.

The work of Sozomen was first printed ( editio princeps ) by Robert Estienne at Paris in 1544, on the basis of Codex Regius, 1444.

There is also mention of a procession accompanied by hymns, organized at Constantinople by St John Chrysostom ( c. 390-400 ) in opposition to a procession of Arians, in Sozomen.

According to Sozomen, at this point pope Liberius was released from exile upon signing three formulæ combined by Basil ; against this story see LIBERIUS, POPE.

By the 5th century, Sozomen stated that most churches, such as at Constantinople, met both on Sabbath and first day ( Saturday evening ), but that Rome and Alexandria met only on the first day ( Saturday evening ) and no longer on Sabbath.

According to the ancient historian Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History, Pulcheria took a vow of virginity when she became Augusta, and her sisters followed suit.

Beyond notices in his extant writings, the major sources are the 5th-century ecclesiastical historians Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, and the 4th-century Christian author Jerome.

According to the Christian historian Sozomen, Libanius was supposed to have said on his deathbed that John would have been his successor " if the Christians had not taken him from us ".

* Sozomen, Christian church historian

The contemporary historians Sozomen and Theodoret were combined with Socrates in a sixth-century compilation, which has obscured their differences until recently, when their individual portrayals of the series of Christian emperors were distinguished one from another and contrasted by Hartmut Leppin, Von Constantin dem Großen zu Theodosius II ( Göttingen 1996 ).

* CHESNUT, Glenn F. " Sozomen, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Evagrius Scholasticus: Other Successors and Continuators ," The First Christian Histories.

* Chestnut, Glenn F. The First Christian Histories: Eusibius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret and Evagrius.

Whichever the cause, the destruction of the Serapeum, described by Christian writers Tyrannius Rufinus and Sozomen, was but the most spectacular of such conflicts, according to Peter Brown.

Sozomen describes Pulcheria ’ s and her sisters ' pious ways in his Ecclesiastical History: “ They all pursue the same mode of life ; they are sedulous in their attendance in the house of prayer, and evince great charity towards strangers and the poor ... and pass their days and their nights together in singing the praises of God .” Rituals within the imperial palace also included chanting and reciting passages in the scripture, and fasting twice a week.

The church historian Sozomen credits Ephrem with having written over three million lines.

The Church History of Theodoret, which begins with the rise of Arianism and closes with the death of Theodore in 429, falls far behind those of Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen.

His Historia Ecclesiastica, in eighteen books, brings the narrative down to 610 ; for the first four centuries the author is largely dependent on his predecessors, Eusebius, Socrates Scholasticus, Sozomen, Theodoret and Evagrius, his additions showing very little critical faculty ; for the later period his labours, based on documents now no longer extant, to which he had free access, though he used them also with small discrimination, are much more valuable.

Sozomen himself had conversed with one of these, a very old man.

Rufinus is the original ; Socrates expressly states that he follows Rufinus, while Sozomen knows Socrates ' version, but is not satisfied with it and follows Rufinus more closely.

A comparison with Zosimus, who also made use of Olympiodorus, seems to show that the whole ninth book of Sozomen, is mostly an abridged extract from Olympiodorus.

Sozomen made a painstaking effort to be acquainted with all the sources of information on the subjects which he touched, and he had a passionate desire for the truth.

Of battle with " Mania, who commanded her own troops in person ," Sozomen writes that it was considered " arduous " and " perilous ", and that the general of the entire cavalry and infantry of the East had to be " rescued with difficulty " from battle against her and her troops by the general of the troops of Palestine and Phonecia.

Noting the absence of any mention of Mavia in Zosimus ' work who was familiar with the writings of Sozomen and Socrates, Shahid concludes this omission is deliberate since it did not accord with the Zosimus ' thesis regarding the destructive effects of the Christianization and barbarization he associated with Constantine I's reforms.

For the period from Theodosius I, Sozomen stopped following the work of Socrates and followed Olympiodorus of Thebes, who was probably Sozomen's only secular source.

He was the author of a history in twenty-two books of the Western Empire from 407 to 425, which was used by Zosimus and Sozomen and probably Philostorgius, as J. F.

Each cell or hut, according to Sozomen, contained three monks.

* Sozomen.

Socrates Scholasticus ( born c. 380 ), in his Ecclesiastical History, gives a full description of the discovery ( that was repeated later by Sozomen and by Theodoret ) which emphasizes the role played in the excavations and construction by Helena ; just as the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem ( also founded by Constantine and Helena ) commemorated the birth of Jesus, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre would commemorate his death and resurrection.

Sozomen attributes the mass conversion primarily to Ulfilas, though he also acknowledges the role of Fritigern.

According to Valesius these were mainly Socrates and Sozomen ; Albert Guldenpenning's thorough research placed Rufinus first, and next to him, Eusebius of Caesarea, Athanasius, Sozomen, Sabinus, Philostorgius, Gregory Nazianzen, and, least of all, Socrates.

With his title of " royal typographer " Estienne made the Paris establishment famous by his numerous editions of grammatical works and other school-books ( among them many of Melanchthon's ), and of classical and Patristic authors, as Dio Cassius, Cicero, Sallust, Julius Caesar, Justin, Socrates Scholasticus, and Sozomen.

Socrates Scholasticus, Sozomen, and Zosimus refer to conflicts between Fritigern and Athanaric.

Sozomen follows Socrates ' account.

* Sozomen Historia Ecclesiastica VII. 13

Socrates Scholasticus, Sozomen, and Zosimus refer to conflicts between Fritigern and Athanaric.

Sozomen follows Socrates ' account.

* Sozomen.

In Emperor Theodosius's edict De fide catholica of 27 February 380, enacted in Thessalonica and published in Constantinople for the whole empire, by which he established Catholic Christianity as the official religion of the empire, he referred to Damasus as a pontifex, while calling Peter an episcopus: "... the profession of that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine Apostle Peter, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition and which is now professed by the Pontiff Damasus and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria ... We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title Catholic Christians ..." Some see in this an implied significant differentiation, but the title pontifex maximus is not used in the text ; pontifex is used instead: "... quamque pontificem damasum sequi claret et petrum alexandriae episcopum ..." ( Theodosian Code XVI. 1. 2 ; and Sozomen, " Ecclesiastical History ", VII, iv.