Alexis Carrel was also a member of learned societies in the U. S., Spain, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Vatican City, Germany, Italy and Greece and received honorary doctorates from Queen's University of Belfast, Princeton University, California, New York, Brown University and Columbia University.

He assumed the title of Alfonso XII, for although no King of united Spain had borne the name " Alfonso XI ", the Spanish monarchy was regarded as continuous with the more ancient monarchy represented by the 11 kings of Asturias, León and Castile also named Alfonso.

He also supported the creation of a network of state-run lodges ( Parador ) in historic buildings of Spain.

This is a history of Spain from the earliest times down to 1456, and was printed at Granada in 1545, and also in the Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores aliquot, by R. Bel ( Frankfort, 1579 ).

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

The main sources for gem material are Brazil and the U. S .. Australia, France, Germany, Namibia, Norway, and Spain have also produced gem quality amblygonite.

While the town's name is generally seen as a diminutive form of Barcelona in Spain, Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing point out an earlier attestation of the name Barcilona in Barcelonnette in around 1200, and suggest that it is derived instead from two earlier stems signifying a mountain, * bar and * cin ( the latter of which is also seen in the name of Mont Cenis ).

This was also seen in Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Pacific, Scandinavia, Serbia, Spain, Thailand, Philippines and Mexico.

Barcelona is the transport hub with one of Europe's principal ports, Barcelona international airport, which handles above 34 million passengers per year, extensive motorway network and also is a hub of high-speed rail, particularly that which is intended to link Spain with France and the rest of Europe as the second longest in the world.

However, the Luftwaffe also provided volunteers to Spain to test both tactics and aircraft in combat, including the first combat use of the Stuka.

Bayonne's location close to the border, but also within the Basque Country straddling both France and Spain, gave it an often privileged position in commerce.

The music of Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, Brittany, Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias ( Spain ) and Portugal are also considered Celtic music, the tradition being particularly strong in Brittany, where Celtic festivals large and small take place throughout the year, and in Wales, where the ancient eisteddfod tradition has been revived and flourishes.

In Spain, Antonio Soler also produced valuable keyboard sonatas, more varied in form than those of Scarlatti, with some pieces in three or four movements.

Cape Verdean populations also settled Spain, Germany, Canada, and other CPLP countries ( Angola, Brazil and Guinea-Bissau ).

Spain also restricted Cuba's access to the slave trade, which was dominated by the British, French, and Dutch.

This conspiracy also failed and the main leaders were sentenced to prison and deported to Spain.

The US also opposed possible agreements between Spain and England.

Therefore Latinos are Americans who are descendants of the Latin group ( namely Spain, France, Italy and Portugal ) and Hispanic refers to the descendants from the Iberian Peninsula ( also known as Ibero-American ).

* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1500 – 1558 ), also Charles I of Spain

Couscous is also very popular in France, where it is now considered a traditional dish, and has also become popular in Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece.

* French group, under which they also included the countries that codified their law either in 19th or in the first half of the 20th century, using the Napoleonic code civil of year 1804 as a model ; this includes countries and jurisdictions such as Italy, Portugal, Spain, Louisiana, states of South America ( such as Brazil ), Quebec, Santa Lucia, Romania, the Ionian Islands, Egypt, and Lebanon

James also requested that Parliament sanction the marriage between the Prince of Wales and Princess Henrietta Maria of France, whom Charles had met in Paris while en route to Spain.

Piracy also contributed to the over harvesting of forests, as in Spain.

* 1640 – End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 60 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the House of Habsburg ( also called the Philippine Dynasty ).

Spain maintains economic and technical cooperation programs and cultural exchanges with Latin America, both bilaterally and within the EU.

Spain maintains sovereignty over Ceuta, Melilla, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Alhucemas and the Chafarinas Islands ( captured following the Christian reconquest of Spain ) based upon historical grounds, security reasons and on the basis of the UN principle of territorial integrity.

However, in some countries this system still maintains a large part of the immigrated population in an illegal status, albeit some massive regularizations ( in Spain by José Luis Zapatero's government and in Italy by Berlusconi's government ).

UDP maintains agreements with 120 universities from countries such as: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Honduras, Italy, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Spain, The United States, Venezuela.

Traditionally, Argentina maintains close defense cooperation and military-supply relationships with the United States, and to a lesser extent, with Israel, Germany, France, Spain, Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Italy.

Andorra maintains six embassies abroad: in Austria, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal and the United States ( in New York ).

Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with ten European nations: Austria ; Belgium ; Denmark ; Finland ; the Netherlands ; Norway ; Serbia ; Spain ( with whom it established relations in February 2011 ); Sweden ; and Switzerland, which form the " Friends of Bhutan " group, along with Japan, which contributes towards development projects in Bhutan.

The company currently sells its products in more than 180 countries and maintains 14 factories in various countries, including the United States, Mexico, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, New Zealand, the Philippines, France, Kenya, Taiwan, China, India, Poland, and Russia.

* Spain maintains a cavalry detachment as part of the Spanish Royal Guard ; they wear cuirasses and are sometimes known as cuirassiers ( Spanish: Coraceros ).

Along with the usual foreign exchange visits to Le Havre in France, Spain and Mutterstadt in Germany, the school maintains a student exchange programme with Charlotte Country Day School, North Carolina USA.

EWB Canada is legally and structurally separate from all other " Engineers Without Borders " organizations, although it assisted in the launch of EWB UK ( which uses EWB Canada's lightbulb logo ), and also maintains close relationships with EWB Australia, ISF Spain, ISF Italy, and Engineers for a Sustainable World in the U. S.

The faculty maintains close ties and cooperates with universities in France, Germany, Spain, Czech republic, the USA, Canada, China, Egypt, Syria and Iran.

Vueling Airlines SA (), commonly shortened to Vueling, is a low cost airline based in El Prat de Llobregat, near Barcelona ( Spain ), where it maintains its main operating base.

The University maintains international cooperation alliances with the DAAD ( the German Academic Trust ), the governments of Japan, France, Mexico, Spain, Taiwan ( R. O. C.

In the consumer goods sector, with sales totaling 1. 5 billion euros, MONDRAGON produces white goods: refrigerators, washing machines, ovens, dishwashers, and boilers, under the brands Fagor, Brandt, and Mastercook, and maintains a leadership position in Spain and France and co-leadership in Poland and Morocco.

It operates all over Spain and in the south of France, and maintains close contacts with the French group Les Mousquetaires and the leading German retailer Edeka, with whom it set up the Alidis international partnership in 2002.

When he came of age in 1902, the week of his majority was marked by festivities, bullfights, balls and receptions throughout Spain.

# the Mozarabic Breviary, once in use throughout all Spain, but now confined to a single foundation at Toledo ; it is remarkable for the number and length of its hymns, and for the fact that the majority of its collects are addressed to God the Son ;

For centuries, through the modern times, the majority regarded Cagots of western France and northern Spain as an inferior caste, the untouchables.

On the first vote, Rafael Altamira y Crevea of Spain, Dionisio Anzilotti of Italy, Bernard Loder of the Netherlands, Ruy Barbosa of Brazil, Yorozu Oda of Japan, Charles Andre Weiss of France, Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven of Cuba and Lord Finlay of the United Kingdom were elected by a majority vote of both the Council and Assembly on the first ballot taken.

John A. Ryan, believed that established Catholic teachings conflicted with the American experience of religious freedom, holding that if Catholics ever became the majority group, they would be bound to enact, if possible, the kind of church-state relationship that existed in countries such as Spain.

As of 2012 the maximum commercial speed was about for the majority of installed systems ( China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, UK ), in Spain and in France.

On the other hand, the majority of the nobility of the Kingdom of Aragon supported Charles of Austria, son of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I and claimant to the Spanish throne by right of his grandmother Maria Anna of Spain.

* Unlike those in Spain, the Anarchists lost popularity and significance due to the nationalism brought about by World War I and lost the CGT majority.

In 1931, after the elections that caused the exile of Alfonso XIII of Spain and gave the local majority to his party Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya ( ERC ), Macià proclaimed the Free Catalan Republic in Barcelona, but was forced afterwards to settle for partial autonomy within the new Spanish Republic.

With a course that covers a distance of 829 km, it is the fourth-longest in the Iberian peninsula, and its hydrological basin extends into an area of approximately 68, 000 km² ( the majority of which lies within Spain ).

Valentinian's reign is marked by the dismemberment of the Western Empire ; by the time of his death, virtually all of North Africa, all of western Spain and the majority of Gaul had passed out of Roman hands.

In England and Wales the majority of young full-time university students attend universities situated a long distance from their family homes ; this is not true for universities in most European countries, such as Italy or Spain.

According to the Treaty of Tordesillas, the majority of the Amazon River should belong to Spain, but the mouth should be ruled by Portugal.

The third category is por opción ( by choice ), this is given to some people of Spanish origins that, though not complying with the requisites to attain the original citizenship, are able to prove close ties to Spain ; this option is given mainly to the children of people that have attained or recovered Spanish citizenship after their birth, but it has age limits and one must exercise this choice prior turning 20 ( in some countries, like Argentina, prior turning 23, as majority of age is attained at 21 there ).

It had little effect, outside Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland or Bohemia, in countries where the great majority of the population were not members of the Catholic Church.

During the colonial period, mestizos quickly became the majority group in much of what is today Latin America, and when the colonies started achieving independence from Spain, the mestizo group often became dominant.

When in October 1761 Pitt, who had information of the signing of the " Family Compact " wished to declare war on Spain, and declared his intention to resign unless his advice was accepted, Granville replied that " the opinion of the majority ( of the Cabinet ) must decide ".

Opinion polls routinely reveal that the monarchy remains popular by a wide majority of citizens in contemporary Spain, with as many as 75 % of Spanish citizens ranking the monarchy above any other public institution in the country.

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister Massimo D ' Alema declared during an official visit in Ibiza, Spain that, without a majority on foreign policy affairs, the government would resign.

A majority of the participating countries, thirteen out of twenty-three, chose to sing entirely or partly in English and only nine entirely in their respective national languages ; Lithuania, Spain, Croatia, Slovenia, Poland, France, Cyprus, Portugal and Turkey.

The vast majority comes from Finland, Germany, Italy, France and Spain.

Britain ceded both Floridas back to Spain following the American Revolutionary War, and Spain maintained them as separate colonies, though the majority of West Florida was gradually annexed by the United States.

The Landsknechte, although rather conservative in their usage of weapons, and always containing a large majority of pikemen, inclined more to the tactical employment of firearms than the Swiss were because Landsknechts relied less on the precipitous rush to close combat and, as Imperial soldiers, they also often fought in formations mixed with Spaniards during the reign of King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. These Spaniards made a good widespread use of the arquebus and later, of the musket.