Spectroscopy is a sufficiently broad field that many sub-disciplines exist, each with numerous implementations of specific spectroscopic techniques.

Spectroscopy can be used to derive many properties of distant stars and galaxies, such as their chemical composition, but also their motion by Doppler shift measurements.

An important contribution to the field of Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer was his prediction of the phenomenon called Dicke narrowing ( aka collisional narrowing ): When the mean free path of an atom is much smaller than the wavelength of one of its radiation transitions, the atom changes velocity and direction many times during the emission or absorption of a photon.

By 1915, the subject of Stellar Spectroscopy had garnered substantial attention so that many scientists were devoting their efforts to discern its mysteries.

In recognition of his many significant accomplishments in the field of analytical chemistry and computer science, he received the Honorary Membership Award of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy in 1996, the Williams-Wright Award from the Coblentz Society in 1986.

Chemists are focusing on the energy exchange of different binding interactions and trying to develop scientific experiments to quantify the fundamental origins of these non-covalent interactions by utilizing various techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, surface tension, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy.

At present, most routine applications of existing chemometric methods are commonly published in application-oriented journals ( e. g., Applied Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry, Anal.

Spectroscopy does not generally refer to diffraction studies where particles such as neutrons, electrons, or high energy X-rays interact with a regular arrangement of molecules ( as in a crystal ).

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy ( AFS ) techniques are useful in other kinds of analysis / measurement of a compound present in air or water, or other media, such as CVAFS which is used for heavy metals detection, such as mercury.

The institute houses laboratories such as Sand Laboratory, Metallography Laboratory, Flexible Manufacturing System ( FMS ) Laboratory, Non-Destructive and Mechanical Testing Laboratories, Spectroscopy Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control Laboratory, Metrology Laboratory, and a Forging Laboratory.

The institute is subdivided into departments, such as the Department of Soft Condensed Matter and Fluids, the Department of Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Complexes, the Department of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy and the Department of Quantum Theory of Solids and Molecules, this is also known as the PIPC.

; Spectroscopy: Spectroscopy can be used to measure the absorption of light by the solution during the titration, if the spectrum of the reactant, titrant or product is known.

* An Introduction to Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy – a very good tutorial on circular dichroism spectroscopy

* Ellis R. Lippincott Award, recognizes contributions to vibrational spectroscopy ( co-sponsored with the Coblentz Society and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy ).

Siegbahn obtained the Nobel Prize for developing the method of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ( ESCA ), now usually described as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ).

* Dielectric spectroscopy, or Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, measures dielectric properties of medium as function of frequency

Time-resolved Photoemmision Spectroscopy is an important extension to Photoemission spectroscopy.

The Collinear Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy ( CFBS ) experiment at TRIUMF is designed to exploit the high beam-intensity and radioisotope-production capability of TRIUMF ’ s ISAC facility, as well as modern ion-trap beam-cooling techniques, in order to measure the hyperfine energy levels and isotope shifts of short-lived isotopes using laser spectroscopy.

Infrared and Raman Studies of Skin and Hair: A review of cosmetic spectroscopy ", The Internet Journal of Vibrational Spectroscopy Vol 3 Ed 2 2004, 45 references.

* Spectroscopy ( especially FTIR or Infrared spectroscopy ) Technique: thin polymer sections are needed in order that the infra-red beam will penetrate the sample under examination.

In Science: Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy.

* Laser Raman Spectroscopy and Modelling of Diamondoids

They play a role in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and in explaining anomalies in diffraction from metal gratings ( Wood's anomaly ), among other things.

* Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ( SERS )

* Kırmızı Burcu, Colomban Philippe, Béatrice Quette, On-site Analysis of Chinese Cloisonné Enamels from 15th to 19th century, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 41 ( 2010 ) 780-790. http :// onlinelibrary. wiley. com / doi / 10. 1002 / jrs. 2516 / abstract

In cancer research, colloidal gold can be used to target tumors and provide detection using SERS ( Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ) in vivo.

Experimentally, sp < sup > 2 </ sup > to sp < sup > 3 </ sup > ratios can be determined by comparing the relative intensities of various spectroscopic peaks ( including EELS, XPS, and Raman Spectroscopy ) to those expected for graphite or diamond.

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy is also a powerful technique to assign and characterize charge-transfer bands in these complexes.

and R. J. Clark, ‘ The Lindisfarne Gospels and two other 8th century Anglo-Saxon / Insular manuscripts: pigment identification by Raman microscopy .’ Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 35 ( 2004 ), pp. 4-12.

The Self Excited Electron Plasma Resonance Spectroscopy ( SEERS ) utilizes exactly these nonlinear effects and known resonance effects in RF discharges.

A few years later in 1967, Siegbahn published a comprehensive study on XPS bringing instant recognition of the utility of XPS, which he referred to as ESCA ( Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ).

Watson and M. J. O ' Neill in 1962, and introduced commercially at the 1963 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy.

* Hans R. Griem ( 2005 ) Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy ( Cambridge Monographs on Plasma Physics ), Cambridge University Press, New York ISBN 0-521-61941-6

Atmospheric instruments included the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ) experiment, the Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder ( MAS ), and the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet / A ( SSBUV / A ) spectrometer ( on the cargo bay wall ).

ATLAS-3 instruments, mounted on a Spacelab pallet in the cargo bay, included Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ), which collected more data on trace gases in the atmosphere than on all three of its previous flights combined ; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer ( SSBUV ), which took ozone measurements to calibrate ozone monitor on aging NOAA-9 satellite as well as cooperative measurements with other ATLAS-3 instruments ; Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ( ACRIM ), which took extremely precise measurements of the sun's total radiation for 30 orbits as calibration reference for sister instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ( UARS ) launched in 1991 ; Measurement of the Solar Constant ( SOLCON ), provided by Belgium, which also measured solar radiation but as reference point to track changes over years ; Solar Spectrum Measurement ( SOLSPEC ), French instrument, measured sun's radiation as function of wavelength ; and Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ), which collected its highest precision solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in its 15-year lifetime.

Siegbahn referred to the technique as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ( ESCA ), since the core levels have small chemical shifts depending on the chemical environment of the atom which is ionized, allowing chemical structure to be determined.

He was Founder and Chairman of the Commission on Spectroscopy of the USSR Academy of Sciences, transformed later ( 1968 ) into the Institute of Spectroscopy of the Academy of Sciences.

Other optical techniques are also used: Fluorescence Correlation and Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy ( FCS / FCCS ) can be used to gain information of fluorophore mobility in the membrane, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ( FRET ) can detect when fluorophores are in close proximity and optical tweezer techniques can give information on membrane viscosity.

* Spectroscopy, based on the differental interaction of the analyte along with electromagnetic radiation ;

In the 1990s, Somorjai started working with physicist Y. R. Shen on developing a technique known as Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy to study surface reactions without the need for a vacuum chamber.

* Nanoscale Imaging Spectroscopy and Properties, a research laboratory located on the College Park campus of the University of Maryland

In general Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy bases on the energy losses of electrons when inelastically scattered on matter.

Advanced radiographic and Spectroscopy | spectrographic studies were enhanced by use of ingenious equipment at this NEL Submarine Research Facility, which possessed the only betatron on the West Coast.

From 1986 to 1989 he was a post-graduate researcher at the ETH Zurich ( Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ), then went on to the Institute of Spectroscopy of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Troitsk near Moscow for half a year.

On the invitation of Arnold Sommerfeld, he worked at the University of Munich, and on the creation by the Rockefeller Foundation of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry ( Madrid ), in 1930 he was named head of the Spectroscopy Section.