Spykman adopts Mackinder's divisions of the world, renaming some:

Spykman adopts Mackinder's divisions of the world, renaming some:

Spykman recalls Mackinder's famous dictum,

Spykman published two books on foreign policy.

Spykman sees this importance as the reason that the Rimland will be crucial to containing the Heartland ( whereas Mackinder had believed that the Outer or Insular Crescent would be the most important factor in the Heartland's containment ).

Rimland is a concept championed by Nicholas John Spykman to describe the maritime fringe of a country or continent ; in particular, the densely populated western, southern, and eastern edges of the Eurasian continent.

Spykman thought Rimland, the strip of coastal land that encircles Eurasia, is more important than the central Asian zone ( the so-called Heartland ) for the control of the Eurasian continent.

Spykman sees this importance as the reason that the Rimland will be crucial to containing the Heartland ( whereas Mackinder had believed that the Outer or Insular Crescent would be the most important factor in the Heartland's containment ).

Spykman states that historically battles have pitted Britain and rimland allies against Russia and its rimland allies, or Britain and Russia together against a dominating rimland power.

Nicholas J. Spykman could be considered as a disciple and critic of both geostrategists Alfred Mahan, and Halford Mackinder.

As the Cold War began, N. J. Spykman and George F. Kennan laid down the foundations for the U. S. policy of containment, which would dominate Western geostrategic thought for the next forty years.

# REDIRECT Nicholas J. Spykman

Nicholas John Spykman ( 1893 – 1943 ) was a Dutch-American geostrategist, known as the " godfather of containment.

He was married to the children's novelist E. C. Spykman.

In his writings concerning geography and foreign policy, Spykman was somewhat of a geographical determinist.

N. J. Spykman could be considered as a disciple and critic of both geostrategists Alfred Mahan, of the United States Navy, and Halford Mackinder, the British geographer.

Spykman agrees that the heartland offers a uniquely defensive position, but that is all Spykman grants the occupier of the heartland.

Since the political and material center of gravity was in the Western part of the USSR, Spykman sees little possibility of the Soviets exerting much power in Central Asia.

While Spykman accepts the first two as defined, he rejects the simple grouping of the Asian countries into one " monsoon land.

Spykman sees the two continents ' geopolitical status as determined respectively by the state of control over the Mediterranean Sea and the " Asiatic Mediterranean.

Again, Spykman differs from Mackinder.

Church subsequently modified his methods to include use of Herbrand – Gödel recursion and then proved ( 1936 ) that the Entscheidungsproblem is unsolvable: There is no generalized " effective calculation " ( method, algorithm ) that can determine whether or not a formula in either the recursive-or λ-calculus is " valid " ( more precisely: no method to show that a well formed formula has a " normal form ").

Although originally expressed in Newton's third law, the conservation of linear momentum also holds in special relativity ( with a modified formula ) and, with appropriate definitions, a ( generalized ) linear momentum conservation law holds in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and general relativity.

Both modified production cars ( ranging from lightly modified cars with only extra safety equipment to heavily modified cars that retain only the basic shape of the original vehicle ) and designed-from-scratch " formula " and " sports racer " cars can be used in club racing.

The latter scale was modified by Soloviev, who calculated the Tsunami intensity I according to the formula

( The vinylidene free radical itself, a rare species of theoretical interest, is a modified carbene with the formula CH < sub > 2 </ sub >= C:.

If both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are elevated then a modified formula, with quantities in mg / dl, may be used

Three years later the patriarch came up with a slightly modified formula, which Heraclius released as the Ecthesis in 638.

Sophronius had died before the release of the new doctrine, and his replacement as Patriarch of Jerusalem approved the modified formula.

He effectively modified this formula in order to create the visual impression of distance between the sitter and the observer.

Diet Coke does not use a modified form of the Coca-Cola recipe, but instead an entirely different formula.

The government modified the fiscal horsepower formula again in 1978 and in 1998.

( When particle energies reach relativistic levels, a modified formula is required.

In 2008 Ford South Africa entered two modified Focus ST models into Class T ( reserved for turbocharged production vehicles ) of the local Bridgestone Production Car Championship ( essentially a Touring Car formula ).

The modified formula is:

Under the modified Bucharest formula ( which remained in effect in late 1980s ), prices were fixed every year and were based on a moving average of world prices for the preceding five years.

It was observed from atomic spectra that the energy levels of many-electron atoms are well described by applying a modified version of Bohr's formula.

Just as the formula for the mix has changed several times over the years, so has the Aunt Jemima image been modified several times.

Though the formula officially died in 1965 when Quebec Premier Lesage withdrew his support, a modified version of this formula was finally adopted in 1982, with the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1982 and the patriation of the Canadian Constitution.

Group A stopped being used in touring car racing in 1994, when the German Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft ( DTM ) switched to a 2. 5 L class 1 formula, while in Japan by that year as the Japanese Touring Car Championship organisers followed suit and switched classes like most other countries who had adopted the British Touring Car Championship-derived Supertouring regulations, many of the redundant Skylines found a new home in the form of the JGTC ( Japanese GT Championship ) with modified aerodynamic devices, showing its competitiveness whilst being up against Group C, former race modified roadcars and specially developed racers, like the Toyota Supras during the earlier years.

( E. G. Erdos, L. E. Boggs, C. D. Mackey ) biophysical studies on modified fibrous proteins

Using a steering system that controlled the modified rocket's tail surfaces and wings equipped with ailerons, Fiedler was to land the missile on a skid especially bolted under the fuselage.

This call is modified to a quieter courtship call on the approach of a female or to a more aggressive version if a male intruder draws near.

During their time on the council, HRP representatives fought for measures including pioneering antidiscrimination ordinances, measures decriminalizing marijuana possession, and a rent-control ordinance ; many of these remain in effect in modified form.

It also was responsible for switching to ROM BASIC when the system was turned on with the break key pressed, and later supported a primitive LAN system, using the RS232 port with modified cabling.

Captured Soviet anti-tank guns were mounted on modified Panzer II chassis, producing the Marder II self-propelled anti-tank gun.

Depending on how much the paint is diluted ( with water ) or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique characteristics not attainable with other media.

On the Coast, rainfall, sometimes relentless heavy rain, dominates in winter because of consistent barrages of cyclonic low-pressure systems from the North Pacific, but on occasion ( and not every winter ) heavy snowfalls and below freezing temperatures arrive when modified arctic air reaches coastal areas, typically for short periods.

The Atari 8-bit family had their own Atari BASIC that was modified in order to fit on an 8 kB ROM cartridge.

Thus, Walsh modified the vertical passing scheme he had learned during his time with the Raiders, designing a horizontal passing system that relied on quick, short throws-often spreading the ball across the entire width of the field.

Because less defensive emphasis was placed on the use of the forearms and more on the gloves, the classical forearms outwards, torso leaning back stance of the bare knuckle boxer was modified to a more modern stance in which the torso is tilted forward and the hands are held closer to the face.

Also, using microbial methods, bacteria can be suitably modified to be effective in only a narrow environmental range, the range of the target that distinctly differs from the army on the offensive.

The field of modern biotechnology is thought to have largely begun on June 16, 1980, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that a genetically modified microorganism could be patented in the case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty.

* GMO Safety-Overview on biosafety research projects on genetically modified maize funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF )

The retractable stadium roof on Toronto's Roger's Centre used modified off-the-shelf train bogies on a circular rail.

Female bees periodically stop foraging and groom themselves to pack the pollen into the scopa, which is on the legs in most bees, and on the ventral abdomen on others, and modified into specialized pollen baskets on the legs of honey bees and their relatives.

* Wolfram function pages on Bessel J and Y functions, and modified Bessel I and K functions.

This WE. 177 laydown weapon supplemented the remaining modified Blue Steel missiles using a low-level penetration followed by a pop-up manoeuvre to release the weapon at Forty-eight live operational rounds were deployed on 48 Vulcan and Victor bombers plus a further five live rounds as operational spares.

Initially designed to run on AT & T Hobbit-based hardware, BeOS was later modified to run on PowerPC-based processors: first Be's own systems, later Apple Inc .' s PowerPC Reference Platform and Common Hardware Reference Platform, with the hope that Apple would purchase or license BeOS as a replacement for its then aging Mac OS.