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St-Calais managed the king's case against Anselm at Rockingham in 1095, when Anselm wished to go to receive his pallium from Pope Urban II.
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St-Calais and managed
The chronicler Symeon of Durham asserted that when St-Calais was consecrated bishop by Archbishop Thomas of York, he managed to avoid professing obedience to the archbishop, which, if true, would have freed St-Calais from interference in his diocese.
St-Calais managed to befriend Malcolm, and secured his support for the patron saint of Durham, Saint Cuthbert.
St-Calais and king's
Following William Rufus ' accession to the throne in 1087, St-Calais is considered by scholars to have been the new king's chief advisor.
However, when the king's uncle, Odo of Bayeux, raised a rebellion against the king in 1088, St-Calais was implicated in the revolt.
Soon after the accession of William Rufus, St-Calais became one of the king's most trusted lieutenants, along with the recently released Odo of Bayeux.
Lanfranc presented the king's case, declaring that the confiscated lands had been held as fiefs, and thus St-Calais could be tried as a vassal, not as a bishop.
Once the castle was back under the king's control, St-Calais was released, and left for Normandy, and no more was heard of his appeal to Rome.
Duke Robert had persuaded the king to allow Bishop William's return, perhaps in recognition of a service St-Calais performed for the king by brokering the end of a siege in Normandy that the king's forces were about to lose.
At that time St-Calais opposed Anselm's attempt to appeal to Rome over the issue, and steadfastly maintained the king's position against Anselm, even advocating that the archbishop be deprived of his lands and sent into exile.
Later, when the king was negotiating with Walter of Albano, the papal legate sent by Urban to convey the pallium to Anselm and to secure the king's recognition of Urban as pope, St-Calais was the king's chief negotiator.
In 1088 he led a military force against William de St-Calais, bishop of Durham, at the request of William Rufus when the bishop was implicated in a revolt against the king ; Roger also negotiated with the bishop on the king's behalf before the bishop went to trial.
St-Calais and case
In 1093 he negotiated with Anselm, Abbot of Bec, concerning Anselm's becoming Archbishop of Canterbury ; in 1095 it was St-Calais who prosecuted the royal case against Anselm after he had become archbishop.
Those judging the case held that because St-Calais never answered the formal accusation, and because he appealed to Rome, his fief, or lands, was forfeit.
" Unlike the later case of Thomas Becket, St-Calais received little sympathy from his fellow bishops.
Most of the bishops and barons that judged the case seem to have felt that the appeal to Rome was made to avoid having to answer an accusation that St-Calais knew was true.
Thus, when a non-monk was selected to replace St-Calais, the monks began a long struggle to secure what they felt had been promised to them, including the forging of charters ascribed to St-Calais that supported their case.
St-Calais and against
Lending support to their belief is the fact that St-Calais never pursued his appeal to Rome, and that later, in 1095, he took the side of the king against Anselm of Canterbury when Anselm tried to assert a right to appeal to Rome.
St-Calais and Anselm
Before his death, he had made his peace with Anselm, who blessed and consoled St-Calais on his deathbed.
It was St-Calais, along with Robert, Count of Meulan who negotiated with Anselm, the abbot of Bec, in 1093 over the conditions under which Anselm would allow himself to be elected Archbishop of Canterbury.
The clerical reformers, Eadmer among them, who supported Anselm in these quarrels, later tried to claim that St-Calais had supported the king out of a desire to succeed Anselm as archbishop if Anselm was deposed, but it is unlikely that St-Calais seriously believed that Anselm would be deposed.
St-Calais and at
Imprisoned briefly, St-Calais was allowed to go into exile after his castle at Durham was surrendered to the king.
Symeon of Durham considered St-Calais to be well-educated in classical literature and the scriptures ; at some point St-Calais also acquired a knowledge of canon law.
Why St-Calais joined the rebellion, or at least did nothing to aid the king, is unclear.
He and Odo had never been close, and despite the fact that St-Calais was educated at Bayeux, there is no evidence that Odo helped St-Calais ' career.
The rebellion had failed by the end of the summer, but St-Calais continued to hold out in Durham, at first claiming he had never actually rebelled.
St-Calais was brought before the king and royal court for trial on 2 November 1088, at Salisbury, before which the king seized his lands.
After the court adjourned, St-Calais was held as a prisoner at Wilton Abbey until his followers in Durham relinquished the castle.
In 1796 St-Calais ' grave was supposedly found during the demolition of the chapter house at Durham Cathedral.
St-Calais and 1095
When Mowbray rebelled again in 1095, St-Calais helped the king put down the rebellion, and Mowbray was captured.
Shortly before Christmas 1095, one of St-Calais ' knights, Boso, fell ill and dreamed he was transported to the afterlife, where he found a large house with gates made of iron.
St-Calais and when
St-Calais enjoyed good relations with his cathedral chapter, and they supported him when construction began on a new cathedral in 1093.
The construction of the new cathedral began on 29 July 1093, when St-Calais led his cathedral chapter in dedicating the site.
St-Calais and receive
After his appointment, St-Calais decided to replace his cathedral chapter of secular clergy with monks, and consulted the king and Lanfranc, the Archbishop of Canterbury, before going to Rome to receive permission from Pope Gregory VII.
St-Calais and from
These consultations, and the conditions within his diocese, may have kept St-Calais from visiting Durham until some time after his elevation.
St-Calais secured grants from the king in return for his services.
However, St-Calais ' exile after his trial as well as his employment in the royal service meant that he was often absent from his bishopric, and this probably is the cause of the medieval chronicler Symeon of Durham's comparatively neutral treatment of St-Calais in his works.
Probably dating from St-Calais ' time is the confraternity relationship between the monks of Durham and the monks of the monastery of Saint Calais in Maine.
Suddenly, St-Calais emerged from the gates, asking the knight the whereabouts of one of his servants.
In 1083, Bishop William de St-Calais expelled a number of canons from Durham.
St-Calais and Pope
Pope Urban II did write to the king in 1089 requesting that St-Calais be restored to his see, but nothing came of it.
St-Calais and .
Most of Cumberland and Westmorland are missing because they were not conquered until some time after the survey, and County Durham is lacking as the Bishop of Durham ( William de St-Calais ) had the exclusive right to tax Durham ; parts of the north east of England were covered by the 1183 Boldon Book, which listed those areas liable to tax by the Bishop of Durham.
Ranulf worked to complete the cathedral which his predecessor, William de St-Calais, had begun ; fortified Durham with a wall around Durham Castle, built Norham Castle to help defend the Tweed River ; and endowed the collegiate church of Christchurch, Hampshire.
William de St-Calais ( also Calais or Carileph or Carilef ; died 1096 ) was a medieval Norman monk, abbot of the abbey of Saint-Vincent in Le Mans in Maine, who was nominated by King William I of England as Bishop of Durham in 1080.
During his term as bishop, St-Calais replaced the canons of his cathedral chapter with monks, and began the construction of Durham Cathedral.
William Rufus laid siege to St-Calais in the bishop's stronghold of Durham, and later put him on trial for treason.
By 1091, St-Calais had returned to England and regained royal favour.
In England, St-Calais once more became a leading advisor to the king.
During his bishopric, St-Calais stocked the cathedral library with books, especially canon law texts.
St-Calais was a Norman, and a native of Bayeux ; he may have been a member of one of its clerical dynasties.
Although St-Calais is generally referred to as Saint Calais or St-Calais, the main source of information about his life, the monastic chronicle of Symeon of Durham, does not call him such.
St-Calais studied under Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, the half-brother of the future William I of England, who was then Duke of Normandy.
After the community had settled in Durham, St-Calais named Eadwine as prior, and arranged for lands to be set aside to support the monks.
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