Through his paternal relationships with Soviet pilots, Stalin developed an “ ethos of deference and obedience ” for Soviet society to emulate.

Through the 1920s the KPD was racked by internal conflict between more and less radical factions, partly reflecting the power struggles between Zinoviev and Stalin in Moscow.

Through the Golos spy network, Halperin provided Soviet intelligence with a large quantity of sensitive U. S. diplomatic dispatches, including reports from Ambassador John Gilbert Winant in London on the position of the Polish government-in-exile towards negotiations with Stalin, Turkey's foreign policy toward Romania, the State Department's instructions to the U. S. Ambassador to Spain, the U. S. embassy in Morocco's reports on that country's government, reports on the U. S. government's relationship with Vichy and Free French factions and persons in exile, reports of peace feelers from dissident Germans passed to the Vatican, U. S. attitudes towards Josip Broz Tito's Communist Front activities in Yugoslavia, and discussions between the Greek government and the United States regarding Soviet ambitions in the Balkans.

At the 20th Party Congress Khrushchev, in his speech " On the Personality Cult and its Consequences ", stated that Stalin, the Stalinist cult of personality and Stalinist repression had deformed true Leninist legality.

After Stalin declared that he was going to " solve the Baltic problem ", by June 1940, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were merged into the Soviet Union, after repressions and actions therein brought about the deaths of over 160, 000 citizens of these states.

Stalin issued Order No. 227, directing that commanders permitting retreat without permission to be subject to a military tribunal, and soldiers guilty of disciplinary procedures to be forced into " penal battalions ", which were sent to the most dangerous sections of the front lines.

In addition to reparations, Stalin pushed for " war booty ", which would permit the Soviet Union to directly seize property from conquered nations without quantitative or qualitative limitation, and a clause was added permitting this to occur with some limitations.

Regardless of whether a plot to deport Jews was planned, in his " Secret Speech " in 1956, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev stated that the Doctors Plot was " fabricated ... set up by Stalin ", that Stalin told the judge to beat confessions from the defendants and had told Politburo members " You are blind like young kittens.

Khrushchev wrote in his ( unreliable ) memoirs that Beria had, immediately after the stroke, gone about " spewing hatred against and mocking him ", and then, when Stalin showed signs of consciousness, dropped to his knees and kissed his hand.

In his " Secret Speech ", On the Personality Cult and its Consequences, delivered to a closed session of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev denounced Stalin for his cult of personality, and his regime for " violation of Leninist norms of legality ".

* Ludo Martens, " The kulak: The first wave of collectivization ", Another View of Stalin, 1995

* Gustavo, a potato chip-shaped character whose long moustaches, named " Democracy " and " Stalin ", can be moved individually like arms

After Messing predicted " tanks emblazoned with the Red Star racing down Berlin's Unter den Linden boulevard ", Stalin decided to put Messing's abilities under scrutiny.

Until the 1936 Soviet Constitution officially declared the Party "... the vanguard of the working people ", thus legitimizing Stalin's leadership, Stalin ruled the USSR as the de facto dictator.

In December 1929, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gave a famous speech praising " practice " above " theory ", elevating the political bosses above the scientists and technical specialists.

Bukharin himself speaks of his " peculiar duality of mind " in his last plea, which led to " semi-paralysis of the will " and Hegelian " unhappy consciousness ", which presumably stemmed from the conflict between his knowledge of the reality of Stalinist rule and the threat of fascism, which led Bukharin and others to follow Stalin, who had become the personification of the Party.

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

Before the Tripartite Dinner Meeting of November 29, 1943 at the Tehran Conference, Churchill presented Stalin with a specially commissioned ceremonial sword ( the " Sword of Stalingrad ", made in Sheffield ) commemorating the victory in the battle of Stalingrad, as a gift from King George VI to the citizens of Stalingrad and the people of the Soviet Union.

Stalin ", Russian Review, Vol.

According to Hua-yu Li, writing in Mao and the Economic Stalinization of China, 1948-1953 in 1953, Mao, misled by glowing reports in History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Bolshevik ): Short Course, authorized by Stalin of social and economic progress in the Soviet Union, abandoned the liberal economic programs of " New Democracy " and instituted the " general line for socialist transition ", a program to build socialism based on Soviet models.

In addition, Stalin stated regarding history that " because the Russians had greatly sinned against Poland ", " the Soviet government was those sins.

Later, many Americans considered the agreements of the Yalta Conference to be a " sellout ", encouraging Soviet expansion of influence to Japan and Asia, and because Stalin eventually violated the agreements in forming the Soviet bloc.

Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, who viewed the Soviet Union as a " socialist island ", stated that the Soviet Union must see that " the present capitalist encirclement is replaced by a socialist encirclement.

In addition to reparations, Stalin pushed for " war booty ", which would permit the Soviet Union to directly seize property from conquered nations without quantitative or qualitative limitation.

( 1997 ) Anna Akhmatova: The Stalin Years Journal article by Roberta Reeder ; New England Review, Vol.

* Geoffery Roberts, “ Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam Conferences ,” Journal of Cold War Studies 9: 4 ( Fall 2007 ): 6-40.

Professor McNeill thinks that at Yalta, Stalin did not fully realize the dilemma which faced him, that he thought the exclusion of the anti-Soviet voters from East European elections would not be greatly resented by his allies, while neither Roosevelt nor Churchill frankly faced `` the fact that, in Poland at least, genuinely free democratic elections would return governments unfriendly to Russia '', by any definition of international friendliness.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | British Prime Minister Clement Attlee, President of the United States | U. S. President Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945. At the Potsdam Conference from July to August 1945, though Germany had surrendered months earlier, instead of withdrawing Soviet forces from Eastern European countries, Stalin had not moved those forces.

The western allies, and especially Churchill, were suspicious of the motives of Stalin, who had already installed communist governments in the central European countries under his influence.

In July 1947, Stalin ordered these communist-dominated governments to pull out of the Paris Conference on the European Recovery Programme.

Stalin: Revolutionary in an Era of War ( European History in Perspective ).

In addition, the Pact assured a temporary non-involvement of the Soviet Union's participation in a European War, as well as separating both Germany and Japan from forming a military alliance, thus allowing Stalin to concentrate on Japan on the battles of Khalkhin Gol ( Nomonhan ).

* Allan Todd, The European Dictatorships: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003

However, Alexander's policies later encountered opposition from other European powers stemming from developments in Italy and Germany, where Fascists and Nazis rose to power, and the Soviet Union, where Joseph Stalin became absolute ruler.

Most of the European refugees ( principally Jews and Slavs ) fleeing Stalin, the Nazis and World War II were barred from coming to the United States.

< p > In 1927, when the struggle reached an especially bitter stage, Stalin declared at a session of the Central Committee, addressing himself to the Opposition: “ Those cadres can be removed only by civil war !” What was a threat in Stalin ’ s words became, thanks to a series of defeats of the European proletariat, a historic fact.

: Eastern-European-produced Westerns were popular in Communist Eastern European countries, and were a particular favorite of Joseph Stalin.

In July 1947, Stalin ordered these countries to pull out of the Paris Conference on the European Recovery Programme, which has been described as " the moment of truth " in the post – World War II division of Europe.

" The Trotskyists retained a common orientation with the radicalized SP in their opposition to the European war, their preference for industrial unionism and the CIO over the trade unionism of the American Federation of Labor, a commitment to trade union activism, the defense of the Soviet Union as the first workers ' state while at the same time maintaining an antipathy toward the Stalin government, and in their general aims in the 1936 election.

Yockey believed that the USSR had become genuinely anti-Zionist under Stalin, that in its authoritarianism it preserved something of the traditional European concept of hierarchy, and he felt it could more easily be adapted to a Rightist orientation over time than was possible in the egalitarian United States.

As a friend of many of the European Left, Ehrenburg was frequently allowed by Stalin to visit Europe and to campaign for peace and socialism.

Soviet leader Joseph Stalin called the conference in response to divergences among eastern European governments on whether or not to attend the Paris Conference on Marshall Aid in July 1947.

The European centers were liquidated by Hitler and Stalin, and the New York center declined.

After the leader of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito, broke away from the domination of the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin instigated a wave of " purges " of the respective Communist Party leaderships, to prevent more defections from among the Soviet Union's Central European " satellite " countries.

Both countries are politically allied with the Confederacy, as are Japan ( though it openly threatens Pacific European possessions ) and Tsarist Russia ( the Russian Revolution never occurred ; as was mentioned in the American Empire series, the " Great Man " and the " Man of Steel " ( Lenin and Stalin ) were defeated by loyal forces at Tsaritsyn, a. k. a. Stalingrad / Volgograd ).

< td > Eduard Limonov, Serbia, Michael Bakunin, Joseph Stalin, Yukio Mishima, Andrei Sakharov, National Bolshevik Front, Ernst Niekisch, Ernst Jünger, de Benoist, Thiriart, Yegor Ligachev, Aleksandr Dugin, Gennadi Zyuganov, Julius Evola, European Liberation Front, Michel Schneider </ td >

In the early 1950s, another railway was under construction from the European coal city Vorkuta via the Salekhard / Ob River, and Norilsk even got a spacious passenger railway station built in the expectation of direct train service to Moscow, but construction stopped there after Stalin died.

( See: Paolo Spriano, Stalin and the European Communists.