The Commons acquired a permanent home at the Palace in the form of St Stephen's Chapel, the former chapel of the royal palace, during the reign of Edward VI.

The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy from David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels and the Empress Matilda's husband, Geoffrey of Anjou.

Stephen's relationship with the church deteriorated badly towards the end of his reign.

The first page of the Peterborough element of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, written around 1150, which details the events of Stephen's reign

Much of the modern history of Stephen's reign is based on accounts of chroniclers who lived in, or close to, the middle of the 12th century, forming a relatively rich account of the period.

In Normandy, Orderic Vitalis wrote his Ecclesiastical History, covering Stephen's reign until 1141, and Robert of Torigni wrote a later history of the rest of the period.

Those writing for the church after the events of Stephen's later reign, such as John of Salisbury for example, paint the king as a tyrant due to his argument with the Archbishop of Canterbury ; by contrast, clerics in Durham regarded Stephen as a saviour, due to his contribution to the defeat of the Scots at the battle of the Standard.

" A number of charters were issued during Stephen's reign, often giving details of current events or daily routine, and these have become widely used as sources by modern historians.

William Stubbs focused on these constitutional aspects of Stephen's reign in his 1874 volume the Constitutional History of England, beginning an enduring interest in Stephen and his reign.

The late-Victorian scholar Frederic William Maitland also introduced the possibility that Stephen's reign marked a turning point in English legal history — the so-called " tenurial crisis ".

Peters ' depiction of Stephen's reign is an essentially local narrative, focused on the town of Shrewsbury and its environs.

( eds ) ( 2008 ) King Stephen's reign ( 1135 – 1154 ).

( eds ) ( 2008 ) King Stephen's reign ( 1135 – 1154 ).

( eds ) ( 2008 ) King Stephen's reign ( 1135 – 1154 ).

Although the civil war had been decided in Stephen's favour, his reign was troubled.

Stephen's early reign was marked by fierce fighting with English barons, rebellious Welsh leaders and Scottish invaders.

Although in reality Stephen had tried to continue Henry I's method of government during the war, the new government characterised the 19 years of Stephen's reign as a chaotic and troubled period, with all these problems resulting from Stephen usurpation of the throne.

Certainly many of the new castles were transitory in nature: Historian Oliver Creighton observes that 56 % of those castles known to have been built during Stephen's reign have " entirely vanished ".

Serving during the disorders of Stephen's reign, Theobald succeeded in forcing peace on the king by refusing to consecrate Stephen's son and heir, Eustace.

The crime had taken place during Stephen's reign, but Stephen's death had prevented Osbert from being tried in 1154.

Beginning about 1140, William continued his chronicles with the Historia Novella, or " modern history ", a three-book chronicle that stretched from A. D. 1128-1142, including important accounts of the anarchy of King Stephen's reign.

Similarly, the rebel position at St Stephen's Green, held by the Citizen Army under Michael Mallin, was made untenable after the British placed snipers and machine guns in the Shelbourne Hotel and surrounding buildings.

When Stephen's son and heir apparent Eustace died in 1153, the king reached an accommodation with Henry of Anjou ( who became Henry II ) to succeed Stephen and in which peace between them was guaranteed.

In 1772 he was appointed organist to the court of Vienna, and in 1792 Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's Cathedral.

His compositional style derives from Johann Joseph Fux's counterpoint, who was Kapellmeister at St. Stephen's Cathedral 1713-1741, a position that Albrechtsberger would hold 52 years later.

A new official residence for the Speaker of the House of Commons was built adjoining St Stephen's Chapel and completed in 1795.

At a young age he was raised at the Lateran Palace during the pontificate of Pope Adrian I, and it was under Stephen's predecessor Pope Leo III that he was first ordained a Subdeacon before he was subsequently made a Deacon.

Stephen's most prestigious victory was over the Ottoman Empire in 1475 at the Battle of Vaslui for which he raised the Voroneţ Monastery.

His father was Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois and Chartres, an important French nobleman ; Stephen's father played only a brief part in his early life, being an active crusader.

Stephen's mother, Adela of England, was the daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, famous amongst her contemporaries for her piety, wealth and political talent.

The king's power was linked to his control of the rich province of Île-de-France, just to the east of Stephen's home county of Blois.

Stephen's eldest brother was William, who under normal circumstances would have inherited the title of count.

Stephen's younger brother, Henry of Blois, was probably born four years after Stephen.

Stephen's early life was heavily influenced by his relationship with Henry I, his uncle and King of England.

In 1127, William Clito, a potential claimant to the English throne, seemed likely to become the Count of Flanders ; Stephen was sent by the king on a mission to prevent this, and in the aftermath of his successful election, William Clito attacked Stephen's lands in neighbouring Boulogne in retaliation.

Stephen's elder brother Theobald was further south still, in Blois.

Stephen's coronation was held a week later at Westminster Abbey on 26 December.

Theobald met with the Norman barons and Robert of Gloucester at Lisieux on 21 December but their discussions were interrupted by the sudden news from England that Stephen's coronation was to occur the next day.

Stephen's brother Henry wanted to succeed to the post, but Stephen instead supported Theobald of Bec, who was eventually appointed, while the papacy named Henry papal legate, possibly as consolation for not receiving Canterbury.

Stephen was also rapidly running out of money: Henry's considerable treasury had been emptied by 1138 due to the costs of running Stephen's more lavish court, and the need to raise and maintain his mercenary armies fighting in England and Normandy.

Stephen's wife Matilda was sent to negotiate another agreement between Stephen and David, called the treaty of Durham ; Northumbria and Cumbria would effectively be granted to David and his son Prince Henry, in exchange for their fealty and future peace along the border.

Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, was alarmed by this, both as a matter of principle, since Stephen had previously agreed in 1135 to respect the freedoms of the church, and more pragmatically because he himself had recently built six castles and had no desire to be treated in the same way.