Portrait by Friedrich Engels. Johann Kaspar Schmidt ( October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856 ), better known as Max Stirner ( the nom de plume he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, in German ' Stirn '), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary fathers of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism.

* Max Stirner, pseudonym for Johann Caspar Schmidt ( 1806-1856 ), German philosopher and journalist

The Ego and Its Own by Max StirnerIn Russia, individualist anarchism inspired by Stirner combined with an appreciation for Friedrich Nietzsche attracted a small following of bohemian artists and intellectuals such as Lev Chernyi, as well as a few lone wolves who found self-expression in crime and violence.

He visited more than fifty countries propagandizing for anarchism which in his case was highly influenced by the thought of Max Stirner and Friedrich Nietszche.

Caricature of Max Stirner taken from a sketch by Friedrich Engels.

" Despite the heavy influence of theorist Fredy Perlman, Moore later turned to theorists of language and subjectivity, such as Julia Kristeva, Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner.

Defenders of some form of moral skepticism include David Hume, J. L. Mackie ( 1977 ), Max Stirner, Friedrich Nietzsche, Richard Joyce ( 2001 ), Michael Ruse, Joshua Greene, Richard Garner, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong ( 2006b ), and the psychologist James Flynn.

* Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner

* Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner

Camus relates writers and artists as diverse as Epicurus and Lucretius, the Marquis de Sade, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Friedrich Nietzsche, Max Stirner, André Breton and others in an integrated, historical portrait of man in revolt.

Morality is also a target of post-left anarchy just as it was in Stirner and in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche.

Attendees included Max Stirner, Bruno Bauer, Arnold Ruge, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Marx, among others.

It is not a single coherent theory, but rather refers to the combined works of any number of post-structuralists such as Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Lacan ; postmodern feminists such as Judith Butler ; and post-Marxists such as Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Jacques Rancière ; with those of the classical anarchists, with particular concentration on Emma Goldman, Max Stirner, and Friedrich Nietzsche.

He influenced other German nineteenth century atheistic thinkers like Karl Marx, Max Stirner, Arthur Schopenhauer ( 1788 – 1860 ), and Friedrich Nietzsche ( 1844 – 1900 ).

They included Ludwig Feuerbach ( 1804 – 1872 ), Bruno Bauer ( 1809 – 1882 ) and Max Stirner ( 1806 – 1856 ) among their ranks.

Although critical of Bauer, Marx was increasingly influenced by the ideas of the other Young Hegelians Max Stirner and Ludwig Feuerbach, but eventually also abandoned Feuerbachian materialism as well.

Stirner advocated self-assertion and foresaw unions of egoists, non-systematic associations continually renewed by all parties ' support through an act of will, which Stirner proposed as a form of organization in place of the state.

Stirner advocated self-assertion and foresaw unions of egoists, non-systematic associations continually renewed by all parties ' support through an act of will, which Stirner proposed as a form of organization in place of the state.

" For Ourselves Council for Generalized Self-Management " discusses Stirner and speaks of a " communist egoism ," which is said to be a " synthesis of individualism and collectivism ," and says that " greed in its fullest sense is the only possible basis of communist society.

Ethical egoism is sometimes the philosophical basis for support of libertarianism or individualist anarchism as in Max Stirner, although these can also be based on altruistic motivations.

It is no coincidence that this resembles the lifestyle anarchism described by Max Stirner, who seems to be the most influential philosopher in Tsuji's development.

Stirner asserted his own " doctrine " of self-interest to be a universal truth or established viewpoint, and likens his book to a ladder you throw away after climbing, a sort of self-therapy.

Black looks favorably, if critically, on a text such as " The Right to Be Greedy ," by the Situationist-influenced collective For Ourselves ( he wrote a Preface for the Loompanics Unlimited reprint edition ), which attempts to synthesize the post-moral individualism of Max Stirner (" The Ego and Its Own ") with what appears to be an egalitarian anarcho-communism.

Although not much is known about the group, with John Henry Mackay's biography of Max Stirner appearing to be the most authoritative source, involvement appears to have been a formative period for Marx and Engels ( who wrote The Manifesto of the Communist Party, Wage-Labour and Capital and The German Ideology shortly after involvement ) and Stirner ( who wrote The Ego And Its Own around the same time ).

Max Stirner was a Hegelian philosopher whose " name appears with familiar regularity in historically oriented surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best-known exponents of individualist anarchism.

" Stirner does not recommend that the individual try to eliminate the state but simply that they disregard the state when it conflicts with one's autonomous choices and go along with it when doing so is conducive to one's interests.

" The second type is the amoral self-serving rationality of Egoism, as most associated with Max Stirner.

Fully as heartily the Communists concur with Stirner when he puts the word take in place of demand-that leads to the dissolution of private property, to expropriation.

Wolfi Landstreicher now writes from the " insurrectionalist " perspective of Renzo Novatore and Alfredo Bonanno ( he has translated both ) which combines a sympathy for generalized, spontaneous, unmediated uprising with the egoism of Max Stirner.

Max Stirner would occasionally socialize with the Young Hegelians, but held views much to the contrary of these thinkers, all of whom he consequently satirized and mocked in his nominalist masterpiece Der Einzige und Sein Eigentum ( The Ego and Its Own ).

Max Stirner socialized with the left Hegelians but built his own philosophical system largely opposing that of these thinkers.

Later Benjamin Tucker fused Stirner ´ s egoism with the economics of Warren and Proudhon in his eclectic influential publication Liberty.

" Later, however, she later partly dismissed it, mostly on the ground that she disagreed with Stirner about the nature of God: Stirner saw God as a repressive idea, imposed from the outside, from society, so it could control the individual.

He criticizes Bookchin's appropriation of the anarchist tradition, arguing against his dismissal of authors such as Stirner and Paul Goodman, rebuking Bookchin for implicitly identifying such authors with anarcho-capitalism, and defending what he calls an " epistemic break " made by the likes of Stirner and Nietzsche.

A strong relationship does exist with post-left anarchism and the work of individualist anarchist Max Stirner.

Bob Black has suggested the idea of " marxist stirnerism ", his term for the attempted union of Stirner ’ s conscious egoism with the principles of anarcho-communism as suggested by the short-lived Bay Area anarchist group For Ourselves in their pamphlet The Right to Be Greedy: The Practical Necessity of Demanding Everything.

Adler ’ s biographer Alfred Pfabigan, upon sight of his unpublished papers, was surprised by his “ intellectual relationship with Stirner owing to its high degree of continuity ”.

Because Adler wanted to operate within the framework of the rising Social Democratic movement, he was highly circumspect in his subsequent references to Stirner, and, while continuing to accord him great significance as Marx ’ s “ psychological counterpart ”, initially adopted most aspects of the doctrine of Historical Materialism: the essence of history is class struggle, and its realization entails a union of theory with revolutionary practice.

Anarcho-communist Emma Goldman was influenced by both Stirner and Peter Kropotkin and blended their philosophies together in her own, as shown in books of hers such as Anarchism And Other Essays.

According to Stirner, the only limitation on the rights of the individual is their power to obtain what they desire, without regard for God, state, or morality.

According to Stirner, the only limitation on the rights of the individual is their power to obtain what they desire, without regard for God, state, or morality.

" Recognising its need for state protection, Stirner is also aware that " t need not make any difference to the ' good citizens ' who protects them and their principles, whether an absolute King or a constitutional one, a republic, if only they are protected.

" Ultimately " face-to-face, a group of humans synergize their efforts to realize mutual desires, whether for good food and cheer, dance, conversation, the arts of life ; perhaps even for erotic pleasure, or to create a communal artwork, or to attain the very transport of bliss -- in short, a " union of egoists " ( as Stirner put it ) in its simplest form — or else, in Kropotkin's terms, a basic biological drive to " mutual aid.