Substitution ciphers can have a large key space, but are often susceptible to a frequency analysis, because for example frequent letters in the plaintext language correspond to frequent letters in the ciphertexts.

VEST ( Very Efficient Substitution Transposition ) ciphers are a set of families of general-purpose hardware-dedicated ciphers that support single pass authenticated encryption and can operate as collision-resistant hash functions designed by Sean O ' Neil, Benjamin Gittins and Howard Landman.

Substitution of players can be done in any number and at any time during game play.

Substitution is often more complicated than that because recipes can specify sprigs, and sprigs can vary in yield of leaves.

Substitution of single letters separately — simple substitution — can be demonstrated by writing out the alphabet in some order to represent the substitution.

Substitution track switch for rail at Chester Zoo Alternatively these substitution track segments can be wrapped around a rotating cylinder, creating a triangular truss or a two sided plate.

* ' Substitution ', as well as potentially referring to specific theories of the atonement ( e. g. penal substitution ), is also sometimes used in a less technical way — for example, when used in ' the sense that through his death, did for us that which we can never do for ourselves '.

Substitution can be used to determine antiderivatives.

Substitution can be used to answer the following important question in probability: given a random variable with probability density and another random variable related to by the equation, what is the probability density for?

Substitution can be used to remove trigonometric functions.

* Substitution of K by Na: Plants can be classified into four groups:

Substitution of jat is predominantly ekavian accent even on the end of datives ( žene instead of ženi ), in pronouns ( teh instead of tih ), in comparatives ( dobrej instead of dobriji ) and in the negative of biti ( nesam instead of nisam ) and in Smederevo – Vršac dialects, ikavian forms can be found ( di si instead of gde si ?).

Substitution can shift the absorption towards longer wavelengths, changing the color from pure blue to green to colorless ( when the absorption is in the near infrared ).

A good tutorial on reconstructing the key for a four-square cipher can be found in chapter 7, " Solution to Polygraphic Substitution Systems ," of Field Manual 34-40-2, produced by the United States Army.

A good tutorial on reconstructing the key for a two-square cipher can be found in chapter 7, " Solution to Polygraphic Substitution Systems ," of Field Manual 34-40-2, produced by the United States Army.

Substitution can be emotionally challenging, but supporters argue it produces a better and more sincere performance than trying to understand a character's motivations without reference to one's own life.

* Composition ( Substitution ) operator: Kleene uses a bold-face S < sub > n </ sub >< sup > m </ sup > ( not to be confused with his S for " successor "!

Substitution " by-design " would be tools that are designed specifically to accomplish multiple tasks using only that one tool.

Substitution of these formulae into the Hamilton – Jacobi equation shows that the function ψ must be a constant ( denoted here as Γ < sub > k </ sub >), yielding a first-order ordinary differential equation for S < sub > k </ sub >( q < sub > k </ sub >)

Sensory Substitution was introduced in the ' 60s by Paul Bach-y-Rita as a means of using one sensory modality, mainly tactition, to gain environmental information to be used by another sensory modality, mainly vision.

* Substitution of old mercury lamps with more efficient sodium or metal halide lamps using the same electrical power ; and,

The group's worldwide buzz started with " Ego Trippin '," its first 12-inch single on Next Plateau Records in 1986 that was the first hip hop song to feature the " Synthetic Substitution " drum break sample.

Import Substitution Industrialization combines aspects of Infant Industry protection, promoted by Alexander Hamilton and Friedrich List, and which defined the trade policy of the United States and Britain during the 19th Century, with Keynesian stimulus policies.

Substitution reactions involve the replacement of the halogen with another molecule — thus leaving saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the halogenated product.

* Substitution cipher: the units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext ( Caesar cipher and One-time pad )

Substitution of the woven bone with lamellar bone precedes the substitution of the hyaline cartilage with lamellar bone.

Substitution replaces a frontier node with another tree whose top node has the same label.

* Substitution: Replaces one mobster on the hit list with another mobster from an opponent's gang.

Some of the most popular are probably Paul Bach-y-Rita's Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution ( TVSS ), developed with Carter Collins at Smith-Kettlewell Institute and Peter Meijer's Seeing with Sound approach ( The vOICe ).

Substitution at C17 of the estrane steroid with an ethinyl group served to provide an estrogen that is much more resistant to degradation and paved the way for the development of oral contraceptives.

The final cyclophane is put together by reaction with 1, 3, 5-tris ( mercaptomethyl ) benzene with nucleophilic sulfhydryl groups and electrophilic alkyl bromides in a Nucleophilic aliphatic Substitution.

Moral influence advocates typically point to a number of logical and biblical problems with Penal Substitution, which are seen as weakening the case for penal substitution and correspondingly strengthening the case for the moral influence view.

Substitution as makeshift is when human ingenuity comes into play and a tool is used for its unintended purpose such as a mechanic using a long screw driver to separate a cars control arm from a ball joint instead of using a tuning fork.

Neoliberalism emphasizes the Ricardian concept of comparative advantage over theories of Import Substitution Industrialization, which had gained prominence in the first half of the 20th Century and which involved a limited use of protectionist measures.

Examples of Import Substitution Industrialization regimes include the Dirigisme of France in the De Gaulle era, Stalin's advocacy of Socialism In One Country and the economic policies of Taiwan and South Korea in the 3 decades following the 2nd World War.

As the political influence of those promoting Neoliberal stances and Globalization gained prominence during the 1970s, the advocates of Import Substitution Industrialization, Protectionism, Social Corporatism, Syndicalism, many models of Socialism and other forms of Autarky or semi-Autarky began to occupy an increasingly marginalized space in public policy circles, professional economics and elected office.

However, they are still present in tree-adjoining grammar as the Substitution and Adjunction operations, and they have recently re-emerged in mainstream generative grammar in Minimalism, as the operations Merge and Move.

Substitution of these operators in the energy equation and multiplication by Ψ returns the same wave equation.

* dysphemism: Substitution of a harsher, more offensive, or more disagreeable term for another.

* Brian K. Smith ; Wendy Doniger, Sacrifice and Substitution: Ritual Mystification and Mythical Demystification, Numen, Vol.

NSP and Opioid Substitution Therapy ( OST ) outlets in some settings offer basic primary health care.

Import Substitution was heavily practiced during the mid-1900s as a form of developmental theory which believed to increase productivity and economic gains within a country.

Harold J. Burton in his paper ‘ A Reconsideration of Import Substitution ’ states: " The very idea of import substitution implied this: keep out that which is now imported from the North and produce it at home ," ( Bruton 910 ).

" A Reconsideration of Import Substitution.

Neo-liberalism emerged in the 1980s pushing an agenda of free trade and Import Substitution Industrialization ( ISI ), emphasizing comparative advantage.

Another common series of scoring matrices, known as BLOSUM ( Blocks Substitution Matrix ), encodes empirically derived substitution probabilities.

' Similarly, Mark M. Mattison, in his article The Meaning of the Atonement says, ' Substitution implies an " either / or "; participation implies a " both / and.