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Sultan and Ahmed
Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.
Ahmed I's mother was Valide Sultan Handan Sultan, an ethnic Greek who was originally named Helena.
A half-brother of Ahmed, Yahya, resented his accession to the Ottoman throne in 1603, and spent his life scheming to become Sultan.
Bilingual Franco-Turkish translation of the 1604 Franco-Ottoman alliance | Franco-Ottoman Capitulations between Sultan Ahmed I and Henry IV of France, published by François Savary de Brèves in 1615.
Today Ahmed I is remembered mainly for the construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( also known as the Blue Mosque ), one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture.
Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.
Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.
Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).
In 1710 he convinced the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war against Russia, and the Ottoman forces under Baltacı Mehmet Pasha won a major victory at the Battle of Prut.
Ahmed voluntarily led his nephew Mahmud I ( 1730 – 54 ) to the seat of sovereignty and paid allegiance to him as Sultan of the Empire.
Sultan Ahmed III receives French ambassador Vicomte d ' Andrezel at Topkapı Palace.
French ambassador Marquis de Bonnac being received by Sultan Ahmed III.
Sultan Ahmed III
The Harem with the Sultan Ahmed III
* 1673 – Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1736 )
Dynastie chérifienne, Proclaimed princes of Tafilalet since 1631, while a civil war started following the death of the Saadian Sultan Ahmed al-Mansur.
* 1727 – 1728: Sultan Moulay Ahmed Ed-dehbi of Morocco ( 1 règne )
* 1728 – 1729: Sultan Moulay Ahmed Ed-dehbi of Morocco ( règne )

Sultan and III
In the year 1712, the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah, a grandson of Aurangzeb sent gifts to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad III and refereed to himself as the Ottoman Sultan's devoted admirer.
Sir Sultan Muhammed Shah, Aga Khan III GCSI GCMG GCIE GCVO PC ( November 2, 1877 – July 11, 1957 ) was the 48th Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims.
Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.
The Jubilees of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, are well remembered.
He wrote a number of books and papers two of which are of immense importance namely ( 1 ). India in Transition, about the prepartition politics of India and ( 2 ). World Enough & Time-The Memoirs of Sir Sultan Mohammed Shah, Aga Khan III, his autobiography.
* 1885-1898: His Highness Agha Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III
* 1898-1902: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, KCIE
* 1902-1911: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCIE
* 1911-1923: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCIE
* 1923-1934: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO
* 1934-1955: His Highness The Right Honourable Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, PC, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO
* 1955-1957: His Highness The Right Honourable Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, PC, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO
* Institute of Ismaili Studies: Selected speeches of Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan III
Numerous envoys were dispatched in both directions and epistolar exchanges occurred between Elizabeth and Sultan Murad III.
Another youth Mehmed found attractive, and who was presumably more accommodating, was Radu III the Fair, the brother of the famous Vlad the Impaler, “ Radu, a hostage in Istanbul whose good looks had caught the Sultan ’ s fancy, and who was thus singled out to serve as one of his most favored pages .” After the defeat of Vlad, Mehmed placed Radu on the throne of Wallachia as a vassal ruler.

Sultan and had
He married with Mahpeyker and had five children from her: Murad IV, Ibrahim I, Ayşe Sultan, Shahzade Suleiman and Shahzade Kasim.
The subsequent Ottoman victories against Russia enabled the Ottoman Empire to advance to Moscow, had the Sultan wished.
In fact, there is no evidence of the deposed Sultan being allowed to make such foreign travels, nor did Voltaire ( or Gürsel ) assert that it had any actual historical foundation.
He married sixthly to Yıldız ( Gözde ), sister of HH Safinaz Kadın Efendi, a wife of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and had two children.
In the year 1789, Tipu Sultan ruler of the Sultanate of Mysore sent an embassy to the Ottoman capitol of Istanbul, to Sultan Abdul Hamid I requesting urgent assistance against the British East India Company and had proposed an offensive and defensive consortium ; Sultan Abdul Hamid I, informed the ambassadors of the Sultanate of Mysore that the Ottoman Empire was still recuperating from the Austro-Ottoman War and the Russo-Turkish Wars.
Supposedly the twenty domes were built instead of the twenty separate mosques which Sultan Bayezid I had promised for winning the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396.
) The mosques that were built after the conquest of Constantinople ( Istanbul ) by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, and influenced by the design of the 6th century Byzantine basilica of Hagia Sophia, had increasingly elevated and large central domes, which create a vertical emphasis that is intended to be more overwhelming ; in order to convey the divine power of Allah, the majesty of the Ottoman Sultan, and the governmental authority of the Ottoman State.
The Bible describes Jesus ' tomb as being outside the city wall, as was normal for burials across the ancient world, which were regarded as unclean, but the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is in the heart of Hadrian's city, well within the Old City walls, which were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538 Some have claimed that the city had been much narrower in Jesus ' time, with the site then having been outside the walls ; since Herod Agrippa ( 41 – 44 ) is recorded by history as extending the city to the north ( beyond the present northern walls ), the required repositioning of the western wall is traditionally attributed to him as well.
Later, however, the Sultan changed his orders and had Fakhr-al-Din and his family killed on 13 April 1635 in Istanbul, bringing an end to an era in the history of Lebanon, which would not regain its current boundaries until it was proclaimed a mandate state and republic in 1920.
Leopold I had warned Eugene to act cautiously, but when the Imperial commander learnt of Sultan Mustafa II's march on Transylvania Eugene abandoned all ideas of a defensive campaign and moved to intercept the Turks as they crossed the River Tisza at Zenta on 11 September 1697.
Timur himself had divided his territories between Pir Muhammad, Miran Shah, Khalil Sultan and Shah Rukh, which resulted in inter-family warfare.
Upon his succession to the throne, Humayun had two major rivals interested in acquiring his lands — Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat to the south west and Sher Shah Suri ( Sher Khan ) currently settled along the river Ganges in Bihar to the east.
The Sultan also had a retinue of wazirs ( ministers ), legal experts, commanders, royal eunuchs, and assorted hangers-on at his beck and call.
After returning home from his travels in 1354, and at the instigation of the Sultan of Morocco, Abu Inan Faris, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys to Ibn Juzayy, a scholar whom he had previously met in Granada.
Imperial Germany set up a protectorate over the Sultan of Zanzibar's coastal possessions in 1885, followed by the arrival of Sir William Mackinnon's British East Africa Company ( BEAC ) in 1888, after the company had received a royal charter and concessionary rights to the Kenya coast from the Sultan of Zanzibar for a 50-year period.
Sultan Murad's internal organs were buried in Kosovo field and remains to this day on a corner of the battlefield in a location called Meshed-i Hudavendigar which has gained a religious significance by the Muslims ( which had been renamed Obilić by the Serbs ).
Reign of Mehmed I, as Sultan of the re-united empire, had lasted only eight years.
Ottoman defeats in the war caused Mehmed III to take personal command of the army, the first sultan to do so since Suleyman I. Mehmed III's armies conquered Eger in 1596 and defeated the Habsburg and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Keresztes ( Turkish for Battle of Hacova ) during which the Sultan had to be dissuaded from fleeing the field halfway through the battle.
The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan had exchanged ambassadors with the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, it was through these exchanges that he received Isa Muhammad Effendi and Ismail Effendi, two Turkish architects and students of the famous Koca Mimar Sinan Agha.

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