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Taoism ( modernly: Daoism ) is a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao ( modernly romanized as " Dao ").
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Taoism and Daoism
Of the many schools founded at this time and during the subsequent Warring States Period, the four most influential ones were Confucianism, Daoism ( often spelled " Taoism "), Mohism and Legalism.
Taoism ( Daoism ) is a philosophy and later also developed into a religion based on the texts the Tao Te Ching ( Dào Dé Jīng ; ascribed to Laozi ) and the Zhuangzi ( partly ascribed to Zhuangzi ).
In English, the words Daoism and Taoism ( or ) are the subject of an ongoing controversy over the preferred romanization for naming this native Chinese philosophy and Chinese religion.
The sometimes heated arguments over Taoism vs. Daoism involve sinology, phonemes, loanwords, and politics.
In loanword terminology, English Taoism / Daoism is a " calque ", " loan-rendering ", or " hybrid " that blends a borrowed word with a native element, for example, chopstick ) blends Chinese Pidgin English chop (< Cantonese kàp, pinyin kuài 快 " fast ; quick ") with English stick.
Taoism / Daoism is one of a few Chinese-ism borrowings, along with Confucianism, Mohism, and Maoism.
), the first recorded occurrences of the relevant words were Tao 1736, Tau 1747, Taouism and Taouist 1838, Taoistic 1856, Tao-ism 1858, Taoism 1903 wrong, at least antedated by Balfour ( 1881 ), Daoism 1948, Dao and Daoist 1971.
The English word Taoism is unquestionably older and more familiar than Daoism.
While sinologists increasingly prefer the term Daoism, traditionalists continue using the well-known Taoism.
Some scholars consciously adopt " Daoism " in order to distinguish the Chinese philosophy and religion from what " Taoism " embodied in the 19th-and 20th-century Western imaginations.
English dictionaries provide some insights into the Daoism – Taoism problem.
For over a century, British and American lexicographers glossed the pronunciation of Taoism as, but more recently they changed it to, and added Daoism entries.
The respective first accurate glosses for Taoism were " douizm ; tou -" ( Webster's International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed., 1934 ) and " Also Daoism and with pronunc.
As detailed above, proponents for both sides of the Daoism – Taoism debate make valid arguments.
Some prefer the Wade-based Taoism because it is more familiar than Daoism and because the borrowing is a fully assimilated English word anyway ; such words are generally unaffected by later systems of romanization.
In conclusion, three illustrative outcomes of Daoism vs. Taoism are given from publishing, library, and Wikipedia spheres.
* Daoism or Taoism ?, James Miller, Queen's University
English-speakers continue to debate the preferred romanization of the words " Daoism " and " Taoism ".
In linguistic terminology, English Taoism / Daoism is formed from the Chinese loanword tao / dao " way ; route ; principle " and the native suffix-ism.
The debate over Taoism vs. Daoism involve sinology, phonemes, loanwords, and politics – not to mention whether Taoism should be pronounced or.
Daoism is pronounced, but English speakers disagree whether Taoism should be or.
In theory, both Wade-Giles tao and Pinyin dao are articulated identically, as are Taoism and Daoism.
* Daoism – Taoism romanization issue
Taoism and is
Although it serves as a rival to Confucianism, a school of active morality, this rivalry is compromised and given perspective by the idiom " practise Confucianism on the outside, Taoism on the inside.
The opposition and combination of the universe's two basic principles of yin and yang is a large part of Chinese philosophy, and is an important feature of Taoism, both as a philosophy and as a religion.
Philosophical Taoism also proposes a transcendent operant principle — transliterated in English as tao or dao, meaning ' the way ' — which is neither an entity or a being per se, but reflects the natural ongoing process of the world.
In religious Taoism, Lao Tsu is venerated as a saint with his own powers.
The provenance of the pronunciation with of Taoism is a gap in the English phonemic paradigm for the unvoiced unaspirated in dào ' way '.
An inherent problem with the arcane Wade – Giles use of apostrophes to differentiate aspiration is that many English readers do not understand it, which has resulted in the frequent mispronunciation of Taoism as instead of.
The text is fundamental to both philosophical and religious Taoism ( Daojia,, Pinyin: Dàojiā ; Daojiao,, Pinyin: Dàojiào ) and strongly influenced other schools, such as Legalism, Confucianism and Chinese Buddhism, which when first introduced into China was largely interpreted through the use of Daoist words and concepts.
Philosophical vacuity is a common theme among Asian wisdom traditions including Taoism ( especially Wu wei " effortless action "), Buddhism, and some aspects of Confucianism.
The relation between Taoism and Buddhism and Chan Buddhism is complex and fertile.
Similarly, the relationship between Taoism and Confucianism is richly interwoven, historically.
Often referred to as Gaianism, or the Gaian Religion, this spiritual aspect of the philosophy is very broad and inclusive, making it adaptable to other religions: Taoism, Neo-Paganism, Pantheism, Judeo-Christian Religions, and many others.
" It is not a personal god, but rather an impersonal divinity similar to the Tao of Taoism.
While the general concept of a " Spirit " that permeates the cosmos is a general feature of most religions ( e. g. Brahman in Hinduism and Tao in Taoism and Great Spirit among Indigenous peoples of the Americas ), the term Holy Spirit specifically refers to the beliefs held in the Abrahamic religions.
The story is likely to have its origin in Taoism.
In Taoism, the Seven-Star Lamp qi xing deng 七星燈 is a seven-branched oil lamp lit to represent the 7 stars of the Northern Dipper.
The early Taoism of Lao Zi and Zhuangzi is also sometimes considered pantheistic.
In the tradition of its leading thinkers Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi, Taoism is comparable with Pantheism, as The Tao is always spoken of with profound religious reverence and respect, similar to the way that Pantheism discusses the " divinity " of the Universe.
Taoism and philosophical
All major Chinese philosophical schools have investigated the correct Way to go about a moral life, but in Taoism it takes on the most abstract meanings, leading this school to be named after it.
Xuanxue was a philosophical school that combined elements of Confucianism and Taoism to reinterpret the Yijing, Daodejing, and Zhuangzi.
The Golden Rule existed among all the major philosophical schools of Ancient China: Mohism, Taoism, and Confucianism.
Intellectual historian Peter Watson has summarized this period as the foundation of many of humanity's most influential philosophical traditions, including monotheism in Persia and Canaan, Platonism in Greece, Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism in India, and Confucianism and Taoism in China.
The major philosophies during the period, Confucianism, Legalism, Mohism, Agrarianism and Taoism, each had a political aspect to their philosophical schools.
Together with the writings of Zhuangzi, these texts build the philosophical foundation of Taoism.
This philosophical Taoism, individualistic by nature, is not institutionalized.
Unlike Confucianism, Taoism favors philosophical anarchism, pluralism and laissez-faire-government.
The terms Tao and De are religious and philosophical terms shared between Taoism and Confucianism.
T ' ai chi ch ' uan theory and practice evolved in agreement with many Chinese philosophical principles, including those of Taoism and Confucianism.
In Confucianism and religious forms of Taoism these are often explicitly moral / ethical arguments about proper behavior, while Buddhism and more philosophical forms of Taoism usually refer to the natural and mercurial outcomes of action ( comparable to karma ).
It has also been claimed that a number of elements within Heidegger's thought bear a close parallel to Eastern philosophical ideas, particularly Zen Buddhism and Taoism.
Whitehead's rejection of mind-body dualism is similar to elements in Eastern philosophical traditions such as Buddhism and Taoism.
His association with the Tào Té Chīng has led him to be traditionally considered the founder of philosophical Taoism ( pronounced as " Daoism ").
Furthermore, it has been claimed that a number of elements within phenomenology ( mainly Heidegger's thought ) have some resonance with Eastern philosophical ideas, particularly with Zen Buddhism and Taoism.
The Lý Dynasty also promoted Buddhism, yet maintained a pluralistic attitude toward the three main philosophical systems of the time: Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.
Some writers noted, " Husband Robert Butts stated that similarities exist between Seth's ideas and those of various religious, philosophical, and mystical doctrines from the Near, Middle, or Far East .... and we've done a little reading on Buddhism, Hinduism, Zen, and Taoism, for example, not to mention subjects like shamanism, voodooism, and obeah.
Taoism ( 道教 ; Daojiao in Chinese ) refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts, born in China itself in the 6th century BCE and it's traditionally traced to the composition of the Tao Te Ching attributed to the sage Laozi, a person who subsequently came to be venerated by Taoist as Daode Tianjun in the Three Pure Ones.
Both in his service to his grandnephews and in his own reign as emperor, he is generally viewed as a weak-willed figure who showed enough wisdom to continue to survive and extend Jin rule, but whose effectiveness was also compromised by his over-dedication to philosophical discussions of Taoism and other related philosophies.
In the Chinese philosophical systems of Taoism and Confucianism, Tian is often translated as " Heaven " and is mentioned in relationship to its complementary aspect of Dì ( 地 ), which is most often translated as " Earth ".
A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh stories to explain the basic principles of philosophical Taoism.
Some members, while accepting the basic naturalistic beliefs of the WPM, like to combine these with symbols and ceremonies from other traditions, most commonly paganism, philosophical Taoism, and Buddhism.
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