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10th and century
Hurrian kingdoms, such as Nairi and the powerful state of Urartu arose in north eastern Anatolia from the 10th century BC, before eventually falling to the Assyrians.
Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).
But by the 10th century the rule was commonly set aside, and we find frequent complaints of abbots dressing in silk, and adopting sumptuous attire.
During the Carolingian epoch the custom grew up of granting these as regular heritable fiefs or benefices, and by the 10th century, before the great Cluniac reform, the system was firmly established.
In the 10th century, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi carried out observations on the stars and described their positions, magnitudes and star color, and gave drawings for each constellation, in his Book of Fixed Stars.
The 10th century Skald Þorbjörn dísarskáld is quoted in Skáldskaparmál as stating:
According to the Suda, a 10th century encyclopedia, Alexis was the paternal uncle of the dramatist Menander and wrote 245 comedies, of which only fragments now survive, including some 130 preserved titles.
Details of his life are described in a work by the 10th century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser.
The reason the digits are more commonly known as " Arabic numerals " in Europe and the Americas is that they were introduced to Europe in the 10th century by Arabs of North Africa, who were then using the digits from Libya to Morocco.
In the 10th century, Middle-Eastern mathematicians extended the decimal numeral system to include fractions, as recorded in a treatise by Syrian mathematician Abu ' l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi in 952 – 953.
A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.
As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.
Empress Adelaide was perhaps the most prominent European woman of the 10th century ; she was regent of the Holy Roman Empire as the guardian of her grandson in 991-995.
However, other scholars have argued that though 80 % of al-Andalus converted to Islam, it did not truly occur until near the 10th century.
The complete conversion of Afghanistan to Islam was during the period of the Ghaznavids in the 10th century.
The Hindu Shahi were defeated in the early part of the 10th century by Mahmud of Ghazna who ruled between 998 and 1030.
In the 10th century Troas is given as a suffragan of Cyzicus and distinct from the famous Troy ( Heinrich Gelzer, Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum, 552 ; Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 64 ); it is not known when the city was destroyed and the diocese disappeared.
The city dates back at least to the 10th century when it was known by its first Latin name of Alavarium, literally, " a gathering place or preserve of birds.
In 10th century Yemen al-Hamdani described how spreading al-iglimiya, probably zinc oxide, onto the surface of molten copper produced tutiya vapor which then reacted with the metal.
German brass making crucibles are known from Dortmund dating to the 10th century AD and from Soest and Schwerte in Westphalia dating to around the 13th century confirm Theophilus ' account, as they are open-topped, although ceramic discs from Soest may have served as loose lids which may have been used to reduce zinc evaporation, and have slag on the interior resulting from a liquid process.
Successful recreations have been performed by Anthemius of Tralles ( 6th century AD ), Proclus ( 6th century ) ( who by this means purportedly destroyed the fleet of Vitellus besieging Constantinople ), Ibn Sahl in his On Burning Mirrors and Lenses ( 10th century ), Alhazen in his Book of Optics ( 1021 ), Roger Bacon ( 13th century ), Giambattista della Porta and his friends ( 16th century ), Athanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott ( 17th century ), the Comte du Buffon in 1740 in Paris, Ioannis Sakas in the 1970s in Greece, and others.

10th and temple
Historically, the form of the gallery evolved during the 10th century from the increasingly long hallways which had earlier been used to surround the central sanctuary of a temple.
The five brick towers of the 10th century temple known as East Mebon, for example, are arranged in the shape of a quincunx.
The temple, which can be dated to the 2nd century BC, rests on the foundation of an older temple of the 6th century, and close beside it were found the remains of a yet earlier temple, dating from the 9th or even the 10th century.
On the 10th April, the anniversary of the consecration of her temple on the Palatine, her image was carried in procession to the Circus Maximus, and races were held in her honour.
** A lintel at the 10th century temple of Banteay Srei depicts Ravana shaking Mount Kailasa.
At the 10th anniversary of the destruction of the Babri mosque, the VHP wanted to perform a shila daan, or a ceremony laying the foundation stone of the cherished temple at the disputed site.
Thus, Hrafnkell, protagonist of the eponymous Icelandic saga set in the 10th century, as his temple to Freyr is burnt and he is enslaved states that " I think it is folly to have faith in gods ", never performing another sacrifice, a position described in the sagas as goðlauss " godless ".
This 10th century Cham segmented jatalinga stands at the temple complex of Mỹ Sơn.
* 10th century: Buddhist temple construction commences at Bagan, Myanmar.
The definitive edition was made by Constantine Cephalas in the 10th century, who added a number of other collections: homoerotic verse collected by Straton of Sardis in the 2nd century AD ; a collection of Christian epigrams found in churches ; a collection of satirical and convivial epigrams collected by Diogenianus ; Christodorus ' description of statues in the Byzantine gymnasium of Zeuxippos ; and a collection of inscriptions from a temple in Cyzicus.
Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital. The Matangeshwar Shiva temple was Built by King Chanradeo Chandel Dynasty of Rajpoot, the King was devotee of lord Matangeshwar Shiva, there is 8 feet Linga of Lord Shiva in temple ,, The MATANGDEV was the 10th Incarnation of Lord Shiva. The Matangdev was born in Patna / Pataliputra town which is historical city of Bihar state of India, Maheshwary community of Sindh, Gujarat and Maharashtra are the devotee of lord Matangdev which is known as Matangeshwar Shiva and also known as MAHESHWAR SHIVA, Matrunjay Shiva, so that Maheshwary caste is attached with Maheshwar Shiva, Temple is known for its Art Sculpture and statue and is tourist attraction and world famous temples.
* Göbekli Tepe – The world's oldest known temple, dated 10th millennium BC ( ca 11, 500 years ago ).
It is also learnt that the temple was renovated in the 10th century.
** A detailed and moving tympanum at the 10th century Hindu temple of Banteay Srei depicts the combat of the brothers, as well as Rama's intervention and Vali's death in the arms of another monkey.
Prasat Kravan () is a small 10th century temple consisting of five reddish brick towers on a common terrace, located at Angkor, Cambodia south of the artificial lake or baray called Srah Srang.
Phimeanakas (, Prasat Phimean Akas, ' celestial temple ') or Vimeanakas (, Prasat Vimean Akas ) at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Hindu temple in the Khleang style, built at the end of the 10th century, during the reign of Rajendravarman ( from 941-968 ), then rebuilt by Suryavarman II in the shape of a three tier pyramid as a Hindu temple.
During the 10th day of the 11th month of the Bhutanese calendar ( see Tibetan calendar ) liturgical ceremonies worshipping Amitabha Buddha are held at Haa Gonpa temple.
* Krapum Chhouk temple: built in the 10th century in laterite and stone, 45 kilometres south of Tbaeng Meanchey

10th and Ta
They also held Ta Matarcha on the eastern side of the strait, a town which in the 10th and 11th centuries became the seat of the Kievan Rus principality of Tmutarakan, which in turn gave way to Tatar domination.
There is also a series of long distinct galleries running along each side, a distinctive feature of 10th century architecture that would be substituted by a continuous gallery from Ta Keo onward.

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