The Commodore 1581 is a 3½ inch double sided double density floppy disk drive made by Commodore Business Machines ( CBM ) primarily for its C64 and C128 home / personal computers.

Although it responds to the same DOS commands, most disk utilities written prior to 1987, most notably fast loaders, are so 1541-specific that they do not work with the 1581.

Unlike the case of the 1541 and 1571, the low-level disk format used by the 1581 is similar enough to the MS-DOS format as the 1581 is built around a WD1770 FM / MFM floppy controller chip.

The first line has a line number of 0 or 1 ( indicating the drive number ), showing in reverse video the name and ID of the disk and a shorthand code for the DOS version with which it was created ( codes vary only as far as the DOS versions use incompatible disk formats, " 2A " is used by most 5. 25 inch DOS versions, " 3D " by the 3. 5 inch 1581 ).

These families were used in many microcomputers and home computers including the Radio Shack TRS-80, Acorn Electron, BBC Master, Atari ST, Acorn Archimedes and the SAM Coupé, as well as the + D and DISCiPLE disk interfaces for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, the Commodore 1581 for the Commodore 64 and the Atari XF551 for the Atari XL / XE.

In terms of Commodore Business Machines compatible Disk Drives, the BAM was located at a different physical track and sector on each of the Commodore 1541, Commodore 1571, and Commodore 1581 disk drives.

Like the 1541 and 1571, the 1581 has an on board MOS Technology 6502 CPU with its own ROM and RAM, and uses a serial version of the IEEE-488 interface.

However, unlike the 1571, which is nearly 100 % backward-compatible with the 1541, the 1581 has limited compatibility with Commodore's earlier drives.

* Lucius, became 2nd Viscount Falkland but during his father's life was confined in the Fleet prison, his father's petition to the king praying for the release of his son, is preserved in the Harleian MS. 1581, where there are also four letters to Falkland from the Duke of Buckingham, has been printed in the ‘ Cabala .’

So far, the historical evidence of following Raikas have been discovered ; Niranjan Malldev ( Founder of Doti Kingdom ), Nagi Malla ( 1238 AD ), Ripu Malla ( 1279 AD ), Nirai Pal ( 1353 AD may be of Askot and his historical evidence of 1354 A. D has been found in Almoda ), Nag Malla ( 1384 AD ), Dhir Malla ( 1400 AD ), Ripu Malla ( 1410 AD ), Anand Malla ( 1430 AD ), Balinarayan Malla ( not known ), Sansar Malla ( 1442 AD ), Kalyan Malla ( 1443 AD ), Suratan Malla ( 1478 AD ), Kriti Malla ( 1482 AD ), Prithivi Malla ( 1488 AD ), Medini Jay Malla ( 1512 AD ), Ashok Malla ( 1517 AD ), Raj Malla ( 1539 AD ), Arjun Malla / Shahi ( not known but he was ruling Sira as Malla and Doti as Shahi ), Bhupati Malla / Shahi ( 1558 AD ), Sagaram Shahi ( 1567 AD ), Hari Malla / Shahi ( 1581 AD Last Raikas King of Sira and adjoining part of Nepal ), Rudra Shahi ( 1630 AD ), Vikram shahi ( 1642 AD ), Mandhat shahi ( 1671 AD ), Raghunath shahi ( 1690 AD ), Hari shahi ( 1720 AD ), Krishna Shahi ( 1760 AD ), Deep shahi ( 1785 AD ), Prithivi pati Shahi ( 1790 AD, ' he had fought against Nepali ruler with British in 1814 AD ')

His De Rebus gestis Francorum was translated into French in 1581, and has also been translated into Italian and German.

Its facade has a porch of widely-spaced paired Ionic columns between towers crowned by pyramidal spires. In 1581, Henri III and his mother Catherine de ' Medici came to the chapel to attend the baptism of the infant son of Charles, duc d ' Aumale.

They are ITS Troupe 1581 and have major performances each fall, spring, and an annual one-act play festival early second semester.

When using the 1581 together with the older C64, however, it is almost as slow as the older 1541 drive, due to limitations of the C64's ROM code.

PC Floppy controllers ( ISA or onboard, but not USB floppy drives ) are able to deal with the 1581 format without need for any special tricks.

This controller chip, however, was the seat of some early problems with 1581 drives when the first production runs were recalled due to a high failure rate ; the problem was quickly corrected.

Later versions of the 1581 drive had a smaller, more streamlined looking external power supply provided with them.

The 1571 was noticeably quieter than its predecessor and tended to run cooler as well, even though, like the 1541, it had an internal power supply ( later Commodore drives, like the 1541-II and the 3½ " 1581, came with external power supplies ).

The 1541-II / 1581 power supply makes mention of a 1571-II, hinting that Commodore may have intended to release a version of the 1571 with an external power supply.

By 1569, relations with the Habsburgs had deteriorated, and Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later, from 1572 to 1581, his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon.

In 1581, to convert English subjects to Catholicism with " the intent " to withdraw them from their allegiance to Elizabeth was made a treasonable offence, carrying the death penalty.

On 23 March 1581 Sir Francis Walsingham advised the Earl of Huntingdon that two days earlier Anne Vavasour, one of the Queen's Maids of Honour, had given birth to a son, and that " the Earl of Oxford is avowed to be the father, who hath withdrawn himself with intent, as it is thought, to pass the seas ".

In Christmas 1581 Oxford reconciled with his wife, Anne, but his affair with Anne Vavasour continued to have repercussions.

His dance manual Il Ballarino was published in 1581, with a subsequent edition, significantly different, Nobiltà di Dame, printed in 1600 and again after his death in 1630.

The English Levant Company was founded in 1581 to trade with the Ottoman Empire and in 1670 the French Compagnie du Levant was founded for the same purpose.

Also, the painting Saint Cecilia with an Angel ( 1618 ) by Domenichino ( 1581 – 1641 ) shows what may be a seven-string viol.

The first two books, in Greek, with the translation of Leunclavius, were printed by H. Stephanus, in his edition of Herodian ( Paris, 1581 ).

The Catholic bishopric was suppressed in 1581 after the diocese accepted the Protestant Reformation ( 1559 ), but re-created in 1921 with its seat first at Bautzen and now at the Katholische Hofkirche in Dresden.

Byrd's acquaintance with the Petre family extended back at least to 1581 ( as his surviving autograph letter of that year shows ) and he spent two weeks at the Petre household over Christmas in 1589.

Subsequently, the Valley of Mexico was hit with two more epidemics, smallpox ( 1545 – 1548 ) and typhus ( 1576 – 1581 ).

Before the Russian conquest Finland had been held by the Swedish kings, first as a royal duchy, since 1581 with the King assuming the secondary title Grand Prince of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen suuriruhtinas, Swedish: Storfurste av Finland ), also often translated as Grand Duke of Finland.

In 1581, Dee mentioned in his personal journals that God had sent " good angels " to communicate directly with prophets.

In 1581, two years after a failed invasion led by his son, the warlord Oda Nobunaga launched a massive invasion of Iga, attacking from six directions with a force of 40, 000 to 60, 000 men.

A date of c. 1540 is suggested from two portraits: one a miniature painted by Nicholas Hilliard in 1581 when he was allegedly 42, the other painted in 1594 when he was said to be 53.

These are sometimes referred to as burgher arms, and it is thought that most arms of this type were adopted while the Netherlands was a republic ( 1581 – 1806 ).

( or Prince Naresuan ) Prince Ekkathat is Prince Naresuan Younger Brother that trained Military skills and tradition of Burma and in 1581 King Bayinnong died of an illness from his coming of a conflict battle against the Kingdom of Yakkai. The son of King Bayinnong became King afterwards.

is: 1581

Until 1581 the history of Belgium ( except the Bishopric of Liège ), the grand duchy of Luxembourg and the country the Netherlands is the same: they formed the country / region of the Netherlands or the Low Countries.

Byrd's setting of the first four verses of Psalm 78 ( Deus venerunt gentes ) is widely believed to refer to the cruel execution of Fr Edmund Campion in 1581, an event that caused widespread revulsion on the Continent as well as in England.

Francesco Sansovino described such a procession in minute detail in 1581, and his verbal description is confirmed and complemented by Cesare Vecellio's 1586 painting of a ducal procession in the Piazza San Marco.

Three Islands is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1581 km north of Brisbane.

The college is also noted for the pillar sundial in the main quadrangle, known as the Pelican Sundial, which was erected in 1581 by Charles Turnbull.

It is situated at the junction of U. S. Highway 277, State Highway 222, and Farm Roads 1581 and 2811 in southeastern Knox County.

Coke became involved in Shelley's Case in 1581, a now-classic case that created a rule in real property that is still used in some common law jurisdictions today and also established Coke's reputation as both an attorney and a case reporter.

St. John's Vincentian values stem from the ideals and works of St Vincent de Paul ( 1581 – 1660 ), who is the patron saint of Christian charity.

Bodin saw some of Campion's trial, he is said also to have witnessed Campion's execution in December 1581, making the hanging the occasion for a public letter against the use of force in matters of religion.

The Mysteriorum Libri Quinque is the diary for 22 December 1581 – 23 May 1583 inclusive: the first five Books of the Mysteries ( and Appendix ), ending where Causubon's A True and Faithful Relation begins.

The diary is written on the reverse of pages of a book of accounts of his brother-in law Ralf Hogge ’ s ironworks, kept by his brother John Henslowe for the period 1576 – 1581.