The 1871 Act was affirmed in 1886 by the US Supreme Court, in United States v. Kagama, which affirmed that the Congress has Plenary power over all Native American tribes within its borders by rationalization that “ The power of the general government over these remnants of a race once powerful … is necessary to their protection as well as to the safety of those among whom they dwell ”.

The 1871 Act was affirmed in 1886 by the US Supreme Court, in United States v. Kagama 118 U. S. 375 ( 1886 ), which affirmed that the Congress has Plenary power over all Native American tribes within its borders by rationalization that “ The power of the general government over these remnants of a race once powerful … is necessary to their protection as well as to the safety of those among whom they dwell ”.

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