" The man who possessed pietas " performed all his duties towards the deity and his fellow human beings fully and in every respect ," as the 19th-century classical scholar Georg Wissowa described it.

* The 18th century Whig radical Charles James Fox preferred faro to any other game, as did 19th-century American con man Soapy Smith.

In 19th-century Germany, Paladin was an official rank and considered an honorary title for a man in the service of his emperor.

The term sideburns is a 19th-century corruption of the original burnsides, named after American Civil War general Ambrose Burnside, a man known for his unusual facial hairstyle that connected thick sideburns by way of a moustache, but left the chin clean-shaven.

In the sixth of his famous academical Discourses ( 1774 ), he wrote that the painter may use the work of the ancients as a " magazine of common property, always open to the public, whence every man has a right to take what materials he pleases " ( Reynolds 1775, In 19th-century England, John Ruskin also pleaded for eclecticism.

" It took place in 19th-century Wales, and involved a young man ( played by Richard Thomas ) who is forced to play the role of sin-eater at the wake of his father ( who had been sin-eater for the area ).

The novel is written as Von Bek's memoir of a dying, demented man, in which he recalls his time with a bi-sexual, teenage nymphet girl and how they take refuge in an upscale brothel in a German city under siege during a 19th-century war.

Oahspe: A New Bible is a book published in 1882, purporting to contain " new revelations " from "... the Embassadors of the angel hosts of heaven prepared and revealed unto man in the name of Jehovih ..." It was written by an American dentist, John Ballou Newbrough ( 1828 – 1891 ), who reported it to have been produced by automatic writing, making it one of a number of 19th-century neo-revelationist works attributed to that practice.

** Foxfire ( a " living mountain man history " program based around 19th-century metalworking and woodworking crafts )

In 19th-century thinking, it was very important to separate objects made by the hand of God ( natural history ) from objects made by the hand of man ( anthropology ).

The empire's 19th-century economic hardships, which prompted its personification as the " sick man of Europe ", meant that the Ottoman state's Christian residents suffered more than its Muslim subjects and reforms planned by the sultans faced insuperable difficulties.

Set in early 19th-century Paris, it tells the story of a young man who finds a magic piece of shagreen that fulfills his every desire.

His account essentially deals with 19th-century authors ; " Passing over authors from the classical period to that of Buffon, with whose writings I am not familiar, Lamarck was the first man whose conclusions on this subject excited much attention.

It linked the people of the Enlightenment with the idealists and romantics — with Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, the Polish Messianists — as well as with the 19th-century Positivists and evolutionists ; Herbert Spencer penned a great new declaration championing the future perfection of man.

He is estimated to have been the wealthiest man of the 19th-century.

Sutherland is estimated to have been the wealthiest man of the 19th-century, surpassing even that of Nathan Rothschild.

The 19th-century German Sanskritist Theodore Goldstücker was one of the early figures to notice the similarities between Spinoza's religious conceptions and the Vedanta tradition of India, writing that Spinoza's thought was "... a western system of philosophy which occupies a foremost rank amongst the philosophies of all nations and ages, and which is so exact a representation of the ideas of the Vedanta, that we might have suspected its founder to have borrowed the fundamental principles of his system from the Hindus, did his biography not satisfy us that he was wholly unacquainted with their doctrines ... We mean the philosophy of Spinoza, a man whose very life is a picture of that moral purity and intellectual indifference to the transitory charms of this world, which is the constant longing of the true Vedanta philosopher ... comparing the fundamental ideas of both we should have no difficulty in proving that, had Spinoza been a Hindu, his system would in all probability mark a last phase of the Vedanta philosophy.

Owing to the restrained usages characteristic of 19th-century America, these letters usually were stereotyped and revealed little depth of feeling.

Occasional and inconsistent vowel-length markings occur in 19th-century manuscripts and newspapers written by Māori, including macron-like diacritics and the doubling of letters.

Isabella Stewart Gardner collected and carefully displayed a collection of more than 2, 500 objects — paintings, sculpture, furniture, textiles, architectural elements, drawings, silver, ceramics, illuminated manuscripts, rare books, photographs and letters — from ancient Rome, Medieval Europe, Renaissance Italy, Asia, the Islamic world, and 19th-century France and America.

Especially at five critical five stages in the soldier's career ( enlistment, blooding, mustering out, wounding, and death ) letters from absent fathers articulated a distinctive set of 19th-century ideals of manliness.

In July 2009, Hunt Auctions stopped bidding on several lots of 19th-century letters sent to Wright and removed them from the auction.

To these were added the archives of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, which include 16th-century manuscript verses by St Robert Southwell SJ, the letters of St Edmund Campion SJ ( 1540 – 81 ) and holographs of the 19th-century poet Gerard Manley Hopkins.

García Márquez researched a wide variety of historical documents, including Bolívar's letters, 19th-century newspapers, and Daniel Florencio O ' Leary's 34 volumes of memoirs.

Despite an ever-changing and evolving set of modern classifications, members of the same sex often formed intimate associations ( many of which were erotic as well as emotional ) on their own terms, most notably in the " romantic friendships " documented in the letters and papers of 18th-and 19th-century men and women ( see Rictor Norton, ed., My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries, Gay Sunshine Press, 1998 ).

Others believe it was a corrupted term of " Chilango ", meaning an inhabitant from Mexico City or Central Mexico ( i. e. the highland states of Mexico ( state ), Jalisco, Puebla ( state ) and Michoacán ); and even from the term " Chileno " by the Chilean presence in mid 19th-century California, when miners from Chile arrived in the California Gold Rush ( 1848 – 51 ).

The Great Man Theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of " great men ", or heroes: highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill utilized their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.

The club is also unofficially known as " The Shinboners ", a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins.

The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the " Renaissance " and individual culture heroes as " Renaissance men ", questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term and as a historical delineation.

As part of the 19th-century evolution of the novel as a " democratic literary form ", Balzac wrote that " les livres sont faits pour tout le monde ," (" books are written for everybody ").

Besides the usual three-movement works with the title " concerto ", many 19th-century composers wrote shorter pieces for solo instrument and orchestra, often bearing descriptive titles.

Laughlin and George Hunter of the Charlatans were true " proto-hippies ", with their long hair, boots and outrageous clothing of 19th-century American ( and Native American ) heritage.

Boolean logic is a system of syllogistic logic invented by 19th-century British mathematician George Boole, which attempts to incorporate the " empty set ", that is, a class of non-existent entities, such as round squares, without resorting to uncertain truth values.

With the 19th-century development of various " nitro explosives ", based on the reaction of nitric acid mixtures on materials such as cellulose and glycerine, a search began for a replacement for gunpowder.

Constantin Lecca's painting " Moldavians and Muntenia ns become brothers ", showing 19th-century flags in a 16th-century scene.

Of " manna ", the ash-tree sugar, the standard 19th-century US pharmacopeia, The Dispensatory of the United States of America ( 14th edition, Philadelphia, 1878 ) said:

" The female harp: The Irish harp in 18th-and early – 19th-century Romantic nationalism ", RIdIM / RCMI newsletter XX / 1 ( spring 1995 ), 10 – 17.

The newspaper is also known as the namesake of " The Washington Post March ", which John Phillip Sousa composed in 1889 while he was leading the United States Marine Band ; it became the standard music to accompany the two-step, a late 19th-century dance craze.

Located in Browne's Addition amid the mansions of Spokane's late 19th-century " Age of Elegance ", the Museum is in a secluded setting a few blocks from the center of downtown.

In German, the very old word " Bairisch ", referring to the language, is typically differentiated from the 19th-century term " Bayerisch ", which refers to the state of Bavaria.

Despite the coexistence of the spellings " Corea " and " Korea " in 19th-century English publications, some Koreans believe that Japan, around the time of the Japanese occupation, intentionally standardised the spelling on " Korea ", so that " Japan " would appear first alphabetically.

Peter Henry Ling further developed this idea in his 19th-century Swedish system of free exercise, which promoted " aesthetic gymnastics ", in which students expressed their feelings and emotions through bodily movement.

Originally, Bartlett intended to become a painter " in the 19th-century sense ", but became interested in animated films during a trip to Italy.

19th-century depiction of " doggy style ", by Édouard-Henri Avril | Paul Avril

The city was once known as " Little Manchester ", because of its 19th-century textile industry which was second only to that of Manchester, England.

The 19th-century identification with the name Atys encountered in Herodotus ( i. 34-45 ) as the historical name of the son of Croesus, as " Atys the sun god, slain by the boar's tusk of winter ", are mistaken.

When Georg Brandes held a series of lectures in 1871 with the title " Main Currents in 19th-century Literature ", he defined the Modern Breakthrough and started the movement that would become Cultural Radicalism.