As early as the 6th century B.C. the earth was seen to be spherical.

At Eretria the identity of an excavated 7th and 6th century temple to Apollo Daphnephoros, " Apollo, laurel-bearer ", or " carrying off Daphne ", a " place where the citizens are to take the oath ", is identified in inscriptions.

In the 6th century BC the kingdom of Lydia almost expanded to the whole of Asia Minor, until it became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.

Later during the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Persians having usurped the Medes as the dominant dynasty in Iran.

Also, in the 6th century BC, the Indo-European Armenians founded the Orontid Dynasty in Urartu.

In India, the Ājīvika, Jain, and Cārvāka schools of atomism may date back to the 6th century BCE.

In general, the alphabets of the Mediterranean region ( Anatolia, Greece, Italy ) are classified as Phoenician-derived, adapted from around the 8th century BCE, while those of the East ( the Levant, Persia, Central Asia and India ) are considered Aramaic-derived, adapted from around the 6th century BCE from the Imperial Aramaic script of the Achaemenid Empire.

By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

* Pherecydes of Syros ( 6th century BC )

The earliest records of the study of this phenomenon are attributed to the philosopher Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.

In the 6th century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras wanted to know why some musical intervals seemed more beautiful than others, and he found answers in terms of numerical ratios representing the harmonic overtone series on a string.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

Area settled by the Alemanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th century

Thus 6th century Gallo-Romans of Gregory's class, surrounded by the ruins of Roman temples and public buildings, attributed the destruction they saw to the plundering raids of the Alemanni.

The gold bracteate of Pliezhausen ( 6th or 7th century ) shows typical iconography of the pagan period.

We know that in the 6th century, the Alemanni were predominantly pagan, and in the 8th century, they were predominantly Christian.

Alcaeus ( Alkaios, ) of Mytilene ( c. 620 – 6th century BC ), Greek lyric poet from Lesbos Island who is credited with inventing the Alcaic verse.

By the 6th century Alexander's commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was referred to as " the commentator " ().

Anacharsis (; ) was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BC and made a great impression as a forthright, outspoken " barbarian ", apparently a forerunner of the Cynics, though none of his works have survived.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

Numerous Indian documents on copper plates exist, with the same symbol for zero in them, dated back as far as the 6th century CE.

In Indian philosophy, Kanada was the first to systematically develop a theory of atomism during the 6th century BCE, and it was further elaborated on by the Buddhist atomists Dharmakirti and Dignāga during the 1st millennium CE.

The earliest record of the name " Afghan " (" Abgân ") being mentioned is by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire during the 3rd century CE which is later recorded in the form of " Avagānā " by the Indian astronomer Varāha Mihira in his 6th century CE Brihat-samhita.

Rabbinic Judaism ( or in some Christian traditions, Rabbinism ) ( Hebrew: " Yahadut Rabanit "-יהדות רבנית ) has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Talmud.

At least two synagogues were also built in the 6th century CE.

Jewish prayerbooks emerged during the early Middle Ages during the period of the Geonim of Babylonia ( 6th – 11th Centuries CE )

In the 6th c. CE the people of Kazakhstan were again absorbed into the new political state, the Turkic Kaganate, that controlled approximately the same area as the Eastern Hunnic Empire.

The Vedic Period also established republics such as Vaishali, which existed as early as the 6th century BCE and persisted in some areas until the 4th century CE.

6th – 10th centuries CE ) tone name categories, 道 and 道 / 導 were qusheng 去聲 " departing tone " and shangsheng 上聲 " rising tone ".

Around the 6th century, CE merchants began sailing to Srivijaya where goods were transhipped directly.

The cult of Isis and Osiris continued up until the 6th century CE on the island of Philae in Upper Nile.

The Byzantine emperor Justinian I erected a Christian church over the Cave of Machpelah in the 6th century CE, which was later destroyed by the Sassanid general Shahrbaraz in 614 when Khosrau II's armies besieged and took Jerusalem.

A general idea of the content of On Speeds can be gleaned from Aristotle's Metaphysics XII, 8, and a commentary by Simplicius of Cilicia ( 6th century CE ) on De caelo, another work by Aristotle.

Traditionally the genesis of the Yemenite Jewish community came after the Babylonian excile, though the community most probably emerged in the Roman times, and was significantly reinforced during the reign of Dhu Nuwas in the 6th century CE and later Muslim conquests of the 7th century CE, which drove the Arab Jewish tribes out from central Arabia.

Leslie Kurke contends that " Aesop was a popular contender for inclusion in the group "; an epigram of the 6th century CE poet Agathias ( Palatine Anthology 16. 332 ) refers to a statue of the Seven Sages, with Aesop standing before them.

Heavens such as Tuṣita Heaven are said to be accessible through meditation, and accounts of this are given in the writings of the Indian Buddhist monk Paramārtha, who lived during the 6th century CE.

The Lombard invasion of Italy ( 6th century CE ) was an important event in Monza's history and the Lombard king Authari married Theodelinda, daughter of the Bavarian ruler Garibald I.

The earliest visual depiction of fans in Japan dates back to the 6th century CE, with burial tomb paintings showed drawings of fans.

This, however, is a version of Japanese history from the country's first written records dating from the 6th to the 8th centuries CE, after Japan had adopted the Chinese writing system which was introduced by the Koreans.

Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar ( early 9th century CE ) and lasting until the 6th century AH ( late 12th century CE ).

The case of Democritus is different from the case of, for example, Epimenides of Crete ( 7th, 6th centuries BC ), who is said to have lived 154, 157 or 290 years, as has been said about countless elders even during the last centuries as well as in the present time. The philosopher and theologian Ramanuja lived from 1017CE to 1137 CE. His body is said to be not perished and kept at Sri Ranganather temple, Trichy district, Tamilnadu India as exhibit These cases are not verifiable by modern means.

Most of these calendars are inherited from a system first enunciated in Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa's of Lagadha, a late BCE adjunct to the Veda-s, standardized in the Sūrya Siddhānta ( 3rd century CE ) and subsequently reformed by astronomers such as Āryabhaṭṭa ( 499 CE ), Varāhamihira ( 6th c. CE ), and Bhāskara II ( 12 < sup > th </ sup > c. CE ).