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9th-century and Historia
The Vipava Valley, through which Alboin led the Lombards into ItalyAs a precautionary move Alboin strengthened his alliance with the Avars, signing what Paul calls a foedus perpetuum (" perpetual treaty ") and what is referred to in the 9th-century Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani as a pactum et foedus amicitiae (" pact and treaty of friendship "), adding that the treaty was put down on paper.
He also appeared independently in the legends of the Britons, beginning with the 9th-century Historia Brittonum.
Most of the 8th-and 9th-century texts of Bede's Historia come from the northern parts of the Carolingian Empire.
Hengist and Horsa are attested in Bede's 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ; in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius ; and in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a collection of annals compiled from the end of the 9th century.
The Historia Brittonum, a 9th-century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called Nennius, lists twelve battles that Arthur fought.
Certainly, Geoffrey seems to have made use of the list of Arthur's twelve battles against the Saxons found in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, along with the battle of Camlann from the Annales Cambriae and the idea that Arthur was still alive.
The 9th-century " Historia Brittonum " sees in Lucius a translation of the Celtic name Llever Maur ( Great Light ), says that the envoys of Lucius were Fagan and Wervan, and tells us that with this king all the other island kings ( reguli Britanniæ ) were baptized ( Hist.
Later medieval writers often associated the battle with the legendary King Arthur ( see also, " Historical basis for King Arthur "); however, no text decisively dated before the 9th-century Historia Britonnum mentions Arthur in relation to the battle.
The earliest known text to mention Arthur in this regard is the 9th-century Historia Brittonum.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, variations on the term appear in the titles of the 9th-century Historia Britonum and the 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae, which became tremendously popular during the High Middle Ages.
Bernicia is mentioned in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum (§ 61 ) under the Welsh name of Berneich or Birneich and in Old Welsh poetry and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich.
This legend first appears in the Historia Britonum, a 9th-century historical compilation attributed to Nennius, but is best known from the account given by the 12th century chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae.
His name is an Irish version of Latin Miles Hispaniae, meaning " Soldier of Hispania ", which is attested in a passage (§ 13 ) in the 9th-century pseudo-history Historia Brittonum (" The History of the Britons ").
Following Bede, versions of the Lucius story appeared in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, and in 12th-century works such as William of Malmesbury's Gesta pontificum Anglorum and the Book of Llandaff.
Most of the 8th-and 9th-century texts of Bede's Historia come from the northern parts of the Carolingian Empire.
Vortimer first appears in the 9th-century work known as the Historia Brittonum.
The story is known from the Historia Brittonum, attributed to the Welsh historian Nennius, which was a compilation in Latin of various older materials ( some of which were historical and others mythic or legendary ) put together during the early 9th century, and surviving in 9th-century manuscripts – i. e., some 400 years after the supposed events.
The earliest account of ball games being played in Europe ( after the Roman occupation ) comes from the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius.
Octa also appears in the Historia Brittonum, a 9th-century history of the Britons.
The Mirabilia is believed to be near-contemporaneous to the 9th-century Historia Britonum and is found appended to it in many extant manuscripts.

9th-century and also
There is also a surviving 9th-century Latin text, preserved at Wolfenbüttel in Germany, which mentions the ingredients of what appears to be Greek fire and the operation of the siphons used to project it.
The library also preserves a unique 9th-century document, known as the Plan of St. Gall, the only surviving major architectural drawing from the roughly 700-year period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 13th century.
Bramante's work in the city, which included Santa Maria presso San Satiro ( a reconstruction of a small 9th-century church ), the beautiful luminous tribune of Santa Maria delle Grazie and three cloisters for Sant ' Ambrogio, drew also on his studies of the Early Christian architecture of Milan such as the Basilica of San Lorenzo.
She points out that buckets of apples were found in the 9th-century Oseberg ship burial site in Norway and that fruit and nuts ( Iðunn having been described as being transformed into a nut in Skáldskaparmál ) have been found in the early graves of the Germanic peoples in England and elsewhere on the continent of Europe which may have had a symbolic meaning and also that nuts are still a recognized symbol of fertility in Southwest England.
Wilfrid is also mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but as the Chronicle was probably a 9th-century compilation, the material on Wilfrid may ultimately have derived either from Stephen's Vita or from Bede.
The Book of Armagh or Codex Ardmachanus ( ar or 61 ), also known as the Canon of Patrick and the Liber Ar ( d ) machanus, is a 9th-century Irish manuscript written mainly in Latin.
A longer Epic Cycle, as described by the 9th-century CE scholar and clergyman Photius in his Bibliotheca, also included the Titanomachy and the Theban Cycle, which in turn comprised the Oedipodea, the Thebaid, the Epigoni and the Alcmeonis ; however, it is certain that none of the cyclic epics ( other than Homer ) survived to Photius ' day, and it is likely that Proclus and Photius were not referring to a canonical collection.
Abu Sa ' id Zarir Gorgani (), also spelled Gorgani, was a 9th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer from Gorgan, Iran.

9th-century and tale
The 9th-century Irish tale Buile Shuibhne ( The Madness of Sweeney ) describes how Sweeney, the pagan king of the Dál nAraidi in Ulster, assaults the Christian bishop Ronan Finn and is cursed with madness as a result.

9th-century and with
There is no evidence that the term was a title that had any practical use, with implications of formal rights, powers and office, or even that it had any existence before the 9th-century.
The other, the De Obitu Willelmi, or On the Death of William, has been shown to be a copy of two 9th-century accounts with names changed.
Some of the earliest recorded attempts with gliders were those by the 9th-century poet Abbas Ibn Firnas and the 11th-century monk Eilmer of Malmesbury ; both experiments injured their pilots.
In a homily preached at Chur and preserved in an 8th-or 9th-century manuscript, St. Timothy is represented as an apostle of Gaul, whence he came to Britain and baptized there a king named Lucius, who became a missionary, went to Gaul, and finally settled at Chur, where he preached the gospel with great success.
For the 9th-century Byzantine Emperor with the byname Psellus, see Michael II.
Before the arrival of the Normans the Anglo-Saxons had built burhs, fortified structures with their origins in 9th-century Wessex.
In the 9th-century Carolingian rule came to an end and the title of Holy Roman emperor with it.
There are similar problems with the provenance of Gofraid mac Fergusa, the supposed 9th-century ruler of the Hebrides and ancestor of Clan Donald.
Though he was never canonised, a cult emerged around the late earl in the 1390s, associating him with the 9th-century martyr king St Edmund.
Woolf has suggested that the name Airer Goídel replaced the name Dál Riata when the 9th-century Norse conquest split Irish Dál Riata and the islands of Alban Dál Riata off from mainland Alban Dál Riata ; the mainland area, renamed Airer Goídel, would have contrasted with the offshore islands of Innse Gall, literally " islands of the foreigners ", so-called because during the 9th to 12th centuries they were ruled by Norse-speaking Gall-Gaels.
In his 9th-century treatise on divorce, Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, listed lamiae among the supernatural dangers that threatened marriages, and identified them with geniciales feminae, female reproductive spirits.
The story of Beorhtwulf's other known son, Beorhtfrith, is told in the Passio sancti Wigstani, which may include material from a late 9th-century source, with some corroboration in the chronicle of John of Worcester.
The book Kitāb man nusiba ilá ummihi min al-shu ‘ arā ’ ( The book of poets who are named with the lineage of their mothers ) by the 9th-century author Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb is a study of the matronymics of Arabic poets.
Below is quoted the story of Jabalah's return to the land of the Byzantines as told by 9th-century historian al-Baladhuri. Jabalah ibn-al-Aiham sided with the Ansar ( Azdi Muslims from Medina ) saying, " You are our brethren and the sons of our fathers " and professed Islam.
It is a 9th-century jewelled Celtic cross with a centre glass jewel with an inscription of the Bismillah in Kufic script which may be interpreted as As God wills, In the name of Allah or We have repented to God.
* Gottschalk of Orbais, a 9th-century theologian, poet, and unwilling monk, best known as a hero of the Jansenists and for his conflict with Hincmar
The 9th-century abecedarium anguliscum in Codex Sangallensis 878 shows eolh as a peculiar shape, as it were a bindrune of the older with the Younger Futhark, resulting in an " asterisk " shape similar to ior.

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