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AC-3 and algorithm
* AC-3 algorithm ( Arc Consistency Algorithm 3 ), one of a series of algorithms used for the solution of constraint satisfaction problems
The most popular constraint propagation method is the AC-3 algorithm, which enforces arc consistency.

AC-3 and for
Buses for local municipal routes depart from " AC-2 " ( autostation No. 2 – along Shevchenko street ) and " AC-3 " ( Zinkivska street ).
It offers increased bitrates ( up to 6. 144 Mbit / s ), support for more audio channels ( up to 13. 1 ), and improved coding techniques ( only at low data rates ) to reduce compression artifacts, enabling lower data rates than those supported by AC-3 ( e. g. 5. 1-channel audio at 256 kbit / s ).
It is not backward compatible with existing AC-3 hardware, though E-AC-3 decoders generally are capable of transcoding to AC-3 for equipment connected via S / PDIF.
Only the discontinued HD DVD system directly supported E-AC-3, though Blu-ray Disc offers E-AC-3 as an option to graft added channels onto an otherwise 5. 1 AC-3 stream, as well as for delivery of secondary audio content ( e. g. director's commentary ) that is intended to be mixed with the primary audio soundtrack in the Blu-ray Disc player.
* number of channels: 1 for mono, 2 for stereo, or 6 for AC-3 / IEC958
If either the player did not support digital audio tracks ( common in older players ), or the disc did not include digital audio tracks at all ( uncommon for a disc which is mastered with an AC-3 track ), the only remaining option was to fall back to a monophonic presentation of the left analog audio track.
A fully capable Laserdisc playback rig included a newer Laserdisc player that is capable of playing digital tracks, had a digital optical output for digital PCM and DTS audio, would be aware of AC-3 audio tracks, and had an AC-3 coaxial output ; an external or internal AC-3 RF demodulator and AC-3 decoder ; and a DTS decoder.
On certain releases, one of the analog tracks is used to carry a modulated AC-3 signal for 5. 1 channel audio ( for decoding and playback by newer LD players with an " AC-3 RF " output ).
MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the DTV " Grand Alliance " shootout, but lost out to Dolby AC-3.
( For the digital counterpart, multiple AC-3 streams are transmitted for the same purpose.
For the audio codec, usual DTMB set-top boxes will support MPEG-1 Audio Layer II ( MP2 ) for stereo audio tracks, and Dolby AC-3 for surround sound audio tracks.
HandBrake is capable of downmixing Dolby Digital AC-3 5. 1 to Stereo for Dolby Pro Logic I & II for surround playback.
Released on September 10, 2007, the Vegas Pro collection combines Vegas Pro 8. 0, DVD Architect Pro 4. 5, and Dolby Digital AC-3 encoding software to offer an integrated environment for all phases of professional video, audio, DVD, and broadcast production.

AC-3 and 3
* AC-3 ( Audio Codec 3, Advanced Codec 3, Acoustic Coder 3.
Blu-ray Disc, the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox game console can output an AC-3 signal at a full 640 kbit / s.

AC-3 and is
E-AC-3 ( Dolby Digital Plus ) is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 codec.
In this format, the AC-3 bitstream is interleaved with the video and control bitstreams.
As a result of these advantages, the MDCT is employed in most modern lossy audio formats, including MP3, AC-3, Vorbis, Windows Media Audio, ATRAC, Cook, and AAC.
Dolby Digital ( also called AC-3 ) and DTS — which are now common on DVD titles — first became available on Laserdisc, and Star Wars: Episode I ( 1999 ) which was released on Laserdisc in Japan, is among the first home video releases ever to include 6. 1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround.
Dolby Digital AC-3 is used as the audio codec, though it was officially standardized as A / 52 by the ATSC.
* Dolby Digital ( also known as AC-3 ) is a lossy audio compression format.
The audio data in a Dolby Digital track is compressed in the 16-bit AC-3 compression scheme at a ratio of about 12: 1.
Multiple data streams ( audio and video ) are wrapped in an ASF container with the extension DVR-MS. Video is encoded using the MPEG-2 standard and audio using MPEG-1 Layer II or Dolby Digital AC-3 ( ATSC A / 52 ).
The earlier AC algorithms are often considered too inefficient, and many of the later ones are difficult to implement, and so AC-3 is the one most often taught and used in very simple constraint solvers.
In theatrical installations, AC-3 audio is placed between sprocket holes, leaving the audio content susceptible to physical damage due to film wear and mishandling.
The DVD title must carry one or more primary audio tracks in AC-3 or LPCM format ( in Europe, MPEG-1 Layer 2 is also an allowed primary track format ).
Dolby Digital Plus ( DD + or E-AC-3 ( Enhanced AC-3 ), and sometimes incorrectly as EC-3 ) is a digital audio compression scheme.

AC-3 and one
VirtualDub has spawned several forks, one being the abandoned VirtualDubMod which includes features such as Matroska ( MKV ), OGM, and Dolby AC-3 support, none of which are present in VirtualDub.

AC-3 and ).
MPEG-2 and Dolby Digital ( AC-3 ) decoders were included beginning with Windows Media Player 11 on Windows Vista ( Home Premium and Ultimate editions only ).
In addition, VOB can contain Linear PCM, AC-3 or DTS audio and subpictures ( subtitles ).
AC-3 operates on constraints, variables, and the variables ' domains ( scopes ).
AC-3 proceeds by examining the arcs between pairs of variables ( x, y ).
Dolby claims its competing AC-3 codec achieves similar transparency at its highest coded bitrate ( 640 kbit / s ).
E-AC-3 has a number of improvements including support for a wider range of data rates ( 32kbit / s to 6144kbit / s ), increased channel count and multi-program support ( via substreams ) compared with Dolby Digital ( AC-3 ).
Upon his return to the United States in April 1914, he became commanding officer of USS Jupiter ( AC-3 ).

algorithm and short
ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.
This algorithm, for all strings, allows codes as short as allowed by any other algorithm up to an additive constant that depends on the algorithms, but not on the strings themselves.
However, consider the short but never halting algorithm which systematically lists and runs all possible programs ; whenever one of them halts its probability gets added to the output ( initialized by zero ).
So there is a short non-halting algorithm whose output converges ( after finite time ) onto the first n bits of Omega.
In other words, the enumerable first n bits of Omega are highly compressible in the sense that they are limit-computable by a very short algorithm ; they are not random with respect to the set of enumerating algorithms.
This algorithm quickly yields an effectively short route.
Just as a child creates magnificent fortresses through the arrangement of simple blocks of wood, so does a genetic algorithm seek near optimal performance through the juxtaposition of short, low-order, high-performance schemata, or building blocks.
The 802. 11 encryption algorithm called WEP ( short for Wired Equivalent Privacy ) used a short, 24-bit IV, leading to reused IVs with the same key, which led to it being easily cracked.
In short, the algorithm generates a path and stores the path's ' nodes ' in a list.
The hash function creates a message digest, a relatively short code calculated from each bit in the file using an algorithm that creates large changes in the message digest with even small changes to the original file.
) A genome assembly algorithm works by taking all the pieces and aligning them to one another, and detecting all places where two of the short sequences, or reads, overlap.
Low-Complexity Art is based on algorithmic information theory: it has low Kolmogorov complexity, that is, it can be generated by a short algorithm.
This algorithm is usually applied for updates able to commit in a short period of time, ranging from couple of milliseconds to couple of minutes.
The least recently used page ( LRU ) replacement algorithm, though similar in name to NRU, differs in the fact that LRU keeps track of page usage over a short period of time, while NRU just looks at the usage in the last clock interval.
Sarah Flannery won the European Young Scientist of the Year award for her presentation of the Cayley – Purser algorithm, which was based on work she performed with Baltimore researchers during a short internship with the company.
* Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, a bioinformatic tool ( algorithm ) to map short nucleotide sequences to a reference genome
In short, a HBGA outsources the operations of a typical genetic algorithm to humans.
At time the current plant state is sampled and a cost minimizing control strategy is computed ( via a numerical minimization algorithm ) for a relatively short time horizon in the future:.
He also simplified the counting rods technique by outlining short cuts in algorithm procedures used on the counting board, an idea expanded on by the mathematician Yang Hui ( 1238 – 1298 ).
gave a linear time algorithm by using Fisk's short proof and Bernard Chazelle's linear time plane triangulation algorithm.
AdaBoost, short for Adaptive Boosting, is a machine learning algorithm, formulated by Yoav Freund and Robert Schapire.

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