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The Achaeans (, Akhaioí ) is one of the collective names used for the Greeks in Homer's Iliad ( used 598 times ) and Odyssey.
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Achaeans and (,
The Ionians (, Íōnes, singular, Íōn ) were one of the four major Greek tribes into which the Classical Greeks considered the population of Hellenes to have been divided ( along with the Dorians, Aeolians and Achaeans ).
Achaeans and is
He demanded her return, and the Achaeans complied, indirectly causing the anger of Achilles, which is the theme of the Iliad.
In Homer's Iliad he is described as of great stature, colossal frame and strongest of all the Achaeans.
A scholarly consensus has not yet been reached on the origin of the historic Achaeans relative to the Homeric Achaeans, and is still hotly debated.
His conclusion is based on his research on the similarity between the languages of the Achaeans and pre-historic Arcadians.
However the exact relationship of the term Ahhiyawa to the Achaeans beyond a similarity in pronunciation is hotly debated by scholars, even following the discovery that Mycenaean Linear B is an early form of Greek ; the earlier debate was summed up in 1984 by Hans G. Güterbock of the Oriental Institute.
Included amongst the ethnic names of the repulsed invaders is the Ekwesh or Eqwesh, whom some have seen as Achaeans, although Egyptian texts specifically mention these Ekwesh to be circumcised ( which does not seem to have been a general practice in the Aegaean at the time ).
Enyo is mentioned in Book 5, and Zeus sends Strife to rouse the Achaeans in Book 11, of the same work.
There is no record of any people named Ionians in Late Bronze Age Anatolia but Hittite texts record the Achaeans of Ahhiyawa, of location not completely certain, but in touch with the Hittites of that time.
* As strategos of the Achaeans, the Greek general Philopoemen is responsible for turning the Achaean League into an aggressive military power.
After the prayer to avert evil from the Achaeans, a paean is sung.
), is mentioned by Hyginus among the Achaeans against Troy, but is otherwise unknown.
In Homer's Iliad Diomedes is regarded alongside Ajax as one of the best warriors of all the Achaeans ( behind only Achilles in prowess ).
' Son of Tydeus ,' said he, ' in war your prowess is beyond question, and in council you excel all who are of your own years ; no one of the Achaeans can make light of what you say nor gainsay it, but you have not yet come to the end of the whole matter.
Second only to Achilles, Diomedes is considered to be the mightiest and the most skilled warrior among the Achaeans.
" These words were applauded by all and Agamemnon said, " This is the answer of the Achaeans.
In Homer's Iliad, an Oneiros is pictured as summoned by Zeus, receiving from him spoken instructions, and then going to the camp of the Achaeans and entering the tent of Agamemnon to urge him to warfare.
The situation is less clear in the case of the earliest helots, who, according to Theopompus, were descended from the initial Achaeans, who had been conquered by the Dorians.
: For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection ; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them.
Since the decipherment of the somewhat younger Linear B tablets, it is thought that the people called Mycenaeans might have been Achaeans or later subjected by them.
However the exact relationship of the term Ahhiyawa to the Achaeans beyond a similarity in pronunciation is hotly debated by scholars, even following the discovery that Mycenaean Linear B is an early form of Greek ; the earlier debate was summed up in 1984 by Hans G. Güterbock of the Oriental Institute.
Achaeans and one
Nicosia later became a city-state known as Ledra or Ledrae, one of the twelve kingdoms of ancient Cyprus built by Achaeans after the end of the Trojan War.
When they cast lots to choose one among those warriors, the Achaeans prayed " Father Zeus, grant that the lot fall on Ajax, or on the son of Tydeus, or upon Agamemnon.
He was one of the Achaeans to enter the Trojan Horse.
In the Iliad, Diomedes, one of the leading warriors of the Achaeans, mentions the thyrsus while speaking to Glaucus, one of the Lycian commanders in the Trojan army, about Lycurgus, the king of Scyros:
Of them the best known are two participants in the Trojan War: one ( the son of Euaemon ) on the side of the Achaeans, and the other ( the son of Telephus ) on the side of the Trojans.
On one hand, Homer portrays Nestor as a wise man ; Nestor repeatedly offers advice to the Achaeans that has been claimed to be anachronistic in Homer's time – for example, arranging the armies by tribes and clans or effectively using chariots in battle.
The baron of Karytaina, one of the Frankish leaders, did not believe the deserter, and convinced the Achaeans to stay when they decided to flee.
Nicosia later became a city-state known as Ledra or Ledrae, one of the twelve kingdoms of ancient Cyprus built by Achaeans after the end of the Trojan War.
The Aeolians () were one of the four major ancient Greek tribes comprising Ancient Greeks ( along with the Achaeans, Dorians and Ionians ).
After the division of Alexander's empire they became part of the Seleucid empire ; in this context we read of them fighting for the Seleucids in the battle of Raphia against the Egyptians ( 217 BC ), and their name is cited by Antiochus III's ( 223 – 187 BC ) envoys at Aegium to the Achaeans as one of the many people under the sway of the Seleucids.
Supposedly the Achaeans were traveling all night and one soldier when he first saw the sun said “ idou alion ” ( I see the sun ), and so they named the city Idalion.
Achaeans and names
In Homer's Iliad, the Greek allied forces are described under three different names, often used interchangeably: Argives ( in Greek: Argeioi, Ἀργεῖοι ; used 29 times in the Iliad ), Danaans ( Δαναοί, used 138 times ) and Achaeans ( Ἀχαιοί, used 598 times ).
Achaeans and for
The Achaeans slaughtered the Trojans ( except for some of the women and children whom they kept or sold as slaves ) and desecrated the temples, thus earning the gods ' wrath.
He sailed with seven ships full of men to the Trojan War, where he was planning on fighting for the Achaeans.
The Achaeans besieged Troy for nine years.
The Achaeans then conducted funeral games for Patroclus.
* Both in ancient Greece and independently among the Hebrews, tribes often took the name of a legendary leader ( as Achaeus for Achaeans, or Dorus for Dorians ).
But like the Amphictyonic league in Greece, the Ionic was rather of a sacred than a political character ; every city enjoyed absolute autonomy, and, though common interests often united them for a common political object, they never formed a real confederacy like that of the Achaeans or Boeotians.
* The Achaeans respond to Sparta's renewed interest in recovering lost territory by sending an envoy to Rome with a request for help.
William Ridgeway made a strong case for the theory that the cradle of the Homeric Achaeans was in Noricum and neighbouring areas.
When the Greeks first assembled at Aulis and left for the Trojan War, they accidentally found themselves in Mysia, where they were opposed by some fellow Achaeans.
Telephus convinced Achilles to heal his wound in return for showing the Achaeans the way to Troy, thus resolving the conflict.
When the sacrifice of Iphigenia ( Agamemnon ’ s daughter ) became a necessity for Achaeans to sail away from Aulis, king Agamemnon had to choose between sacrificing his daughter and resigning from his post of high commander among Achaeans ( in which case Diomedes would probably become the leader ).
* The Trojan War tapestry referred to by Homer in Book III of the Iliad, where Iris disguises herself as Laodice and finds Helen " working at a great web of purple linen, on which she was embroidering the battles between Trojans and Achaeans, that Ares had made them fight for her sake.
The young king Philip V of Macedon sided with the Achaeans and called for a Panhellenic conference in Corinth, where the Aetolian aggression was condemned.
G. T Griffith has written that Achaean War was a hopeless enterprise for the Achaeans, badly led and backed by no adequate reserves of money or men.
In 200 BC, alarmed at the ease with which he was ravaging their territory, the Achaeans asked the Macedonian King Philip V for help, which he did not provide.
Connection of the mention of a King of the Ahhiyawa in Hittite sources with the King of the Achaeans, the Mycenaean king Agamemnon of the Iliad, rests on the insecure foundations of an Ahhiyawa / Achaean identity ; the very location of the Ahhiyawa kingdom remains a matter for debate ; it has been suggested it may have been in Asia Minor, Rhodes or Peloponesus.
Most of the Greek cities rallied to the Achaeans ' side, even slaves were freed to fight for Greek independence.
Proto-Arcadocypriot (~ 1200 BC ) is supposed to have been spoken by Achaeans in the Peloponnese before the arrival of Dorians ; for this, it is named also southern Achaean.
Meanwhile the Achaeans applied to Sparta for assistance against the Aetolians.
The Achaeans responded to Sparta ’ s renewed interest in recovering lost territory by sending an envoy to Rome with a request for help.
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