According to Anthony Harkins in Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon, the term first appeared in print in a 1900 New York Journal article, with the definition: " a Hill-Billie is a free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the hills, has no means to speak of, dresses as he can, talks as he pleases, drinks whiskey when he gets it, and fires off his revolver as the fancy takes him.

" The Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama ," Journal of Southern History Vol.

" Social and Economic Forces in Alabama Reconstruction ," Journal of Negro History 23 ( 1938 ): 290-348 in JSTOR

* Feldman, Glenn, “ Southern Disillusionment with the Democratic Party: Cultural Conformity and the ‘ the Great Melding ’ of Racial and Economic Conservatism in Alabama during World War II ,” Journal of American Studies 43 ( Aug. 2009 ), 199 – 230.

* 1988: Staff of the Alabama Journal ( Montgomery ), " for its compelling investigation of the state's unusually high infant-mortality rate, which prompted legislation to combat the problem.

A study published in The Journal of Educational Research by David L. Brunsma, of the University of Alabama, and Kerry A. Rockquemore, of the University of Notre Dame, states:

Records from an Alabama newspaper, " The Peoples ' Journal ", described the municipality as " the only municipality controlled and governed entirely by colored people anywhere in the United States ".

Records from an Alabama newspaper, " The Peoples ' Journal ", described the municipality as " the only municipality controlled and governed entirely by colored people anywhere in the United States ".

A 2006 article in The Wall Street Journal discusses the rationale behind its strategic placement in rural Alabama.

" The Education of the Alabama Freedmen During Presidential Reconstruction, 1865 – 1867 ," Journal of Negro Education, Vol.

" The Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama ," Journal of Southern History Vol.

* 1970: Harold Eugene Martin, Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama Journal, " for his expose of a commercial scheme for using Alabama prisoners for drug experimentation and obtaining blood plasma from them.

Capitol Journal, which covered the Alabama Legislature's activities, succeeded FTR, and production moved to Birmingham when the Montgomery studio closed in 2011.

Journal of the House of Representatives of the Alabama Territory, First Session, First General Assembly, February 1818.

Journal of the House of Representatives of the Alabama Territory, Second Session, First General Assembly, November 1818.

Journal of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Alabama, First Annual Session, 1819.

“ The Structure of Commercial Banking in Alabama ,” The Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science, Vol.

“ Installment Lending in Alabama: The Impact of the Truth in Lending Act ,” The Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science, Vol.

“ The Demise of Nonpar Banking in Alabama ,” with Byron L. Bohannon, The Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science, Vol.

“ Personal Bankruptcy In Alabama: A Continuing Problem ,” with Edgar Wood, The Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science, Vol.

He was a wiry, inscrutable, silent country boy from the red clay of rural Alabama, and he spoke with the broad drawl that others normally make fun of.

The city was a center of manufacture, especially in textiles, and also because of the beauty of some of its surroundings, a residence for many owners of the great industries in north Alabama.

An Alabama soldier whose feminine associations were of the more admirable type wrote boastfully of his achievements among the Virginia belles: `` they thout I was a saint.

Fort Toulouse, on the Alabama River, had been erected in 1714 for trade with the Alabamas and Choctaws, but money was available for only one other new post, near the present Nashville, Tennessee, and this was soon abandoned.

De La Laude, commander of the Alabama post, had the friendship of the natives, and was able to make them look upon the British as poor competitors.

Their territory lay to the north, near the sources of the Alabama, the Tombigbee, the Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers, and was easily accessible to traders among the near-by Cherokees.

The harbour of Mobile was formed by the drowning of the lower part of the valley of the Alabama and Tombigbee rivers as a result of the sinking of the land here, such sinking having occurred on other parts of the Gulf coast.

Part of Title I was found unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court as it pertains to states in the case of Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett as violating the sovereign immunity rights of the several states as specified by the Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The Alabama, Coosa, and Tallapoosa rivers were central to the homeland of the Creek Indians before their removal by United States forces to the Indian Territory in the 1830s. In 1712 the Alabama River was descovered.

On April 22, 1971, syndicated columnist Jack Anderson reported allegations that Capp made indecent advances to four female students when he was invited to speak at the University of Alabama in February 1968.

She was later a partner in the Washington, D. C. office of the Birmingham, Alabama law firm Balch & Bingham.

He was elected as the 13th President of Birmingham – Southern College in Birmingham, Alabama on March 21, 2011.

On 18 June, the first of 161 soil erosion control camps was opened, in Clayton, Alabama.

She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971.

Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama.

Hank Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama to Herbert and Estella ( Pritchett ) Aaron.

The Cuban Exile journalist and author John O ' Donnell-Rosales, who was born in the area of Cuba with the last confirmed sightings, reported sightings near the Alabama coastal delta in 1994, but these were never properly investigated by state wildlife officials.

By mid-1860, he was playing in such cities as New York ; Boston ; Chicago ; Cleveland ; St. Louis ; Columbus, Georgia ; Montgomery, Alabama ; and New Orleans.

LeRoy Pope Walker of Alabama was made Secretary of War, after being recommended for this post by Clement Clay and William Yancey ( both of whom declined to accept cabinet positions themselves ).

Memminger remained Secretary of the Treasury, while Thomas Hill Watts of Alabama was made Attorney General.

A similar amendment was offered in the house by Philip Phillips of Alabama.

Lipscomb was born April 9, 1895 to an ex-slave father from Alabama and a half Native American ( Choctaw ) mother.

John McCain's Presidential Campaign removed images of Alabama Attorney General Troy King from its website after he was outed in 2008.