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Almoravids and themselves
Whichever explanation is true, it seems certain the appellation was chosen by the Almoravids for themselves, partly with the conscious goal of forestalling any tribal or ethnic identifications.
In the early 1050s, the Lamtuna, under the joint leadership of Yahya ibn Umar and Abdallah ibn Yasin-soon calling themselves the al-Murabitin ( Almoravids )-set out on campaign to bring their neighbors over to their cause.
The first results of his extensive studies in Oriental literature, Arabic language and history, manifested themselves in 1847, when he published a translation from Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi, born 1185, resident in South Spain between 1208 and 1217, leaving then for Egypt and visiting Mecca in 1221, dated 1224, Kitab al-mujib fi talkhis akhbar ahl al-Maghrib under the title The history of the Almohads, preceded by a sketch of the history of Spain from the time of the conquest till the reign of Yusuf ibn Tashfin, and of the history of the Almoravids, printed again in 1881 and reprinted in 1968.
The Banu Ghaniya considered themselves as heirs of the Almoravids, and made a determined attempt to reconquer the Maghreb ( and in particular Ifriqiya ) from about 1180 onwards.

Almoravids and ),
The 13th-century Moroccan biographer Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili and Qadi Ayyad before him in the 12th-century, note that Waggag's learning center was called Dar al-Murabitin ( The house of the Almoravids ), and that might have inspired Ibn Yasin's choice of name for the movement.
The conquest of the city of Marrakech by the Almohads in 1147 marked the fall of the dynasty, though fragments of the Almoravids ( the Banu Ghaniya ), continued to struggle in the Balearic Islands, and finally in Tunisia.
During the taifa era, it was ruled by the Moor Banu al-Amiri from 1012 to 1038, briefly annexed by Valencia ( 1038 – 1041 ), then given by Zaragoza to the Banu Sumadih dynasty until its conquest by the Almoravids in 1091.
Later Tarifa was held by the taifa of Algeciras ( 1031 ) and by that of Seville ( 1057 ), and subsequently by the Almoravids.
The Almoravids were invited after the fall of Toledo ( 1085 ), and the Almohads after the fall of Lisbon ( 1147 ).
In 1093, in a trade for aid against the Almoravids ( from the Maghreb ), the emir of Badajoz ceded to the imperator totius Hispaniæ Alfonso VI of León and Castile the castles of al-Ušbuna and aš-Šantaryin ( Santarém ), along with the territory of Sacavém.
After the pre-Romanesque period, in the architecture of Al-Andalus, important contributions were made by the Caliphate of Córdoba ( the Great Mosque of Córdoba ), the Taifas ( Aljafería, in Zaragoza ), the Almoravids and Almohads ( La Giralda, Seville ), and the Nasrid of the Kingdom of Granada ( Alhambra, Generalife ).
At the time, Morocco, as well as much of Spain ( al-Andalus ) and North Africa ( al-Maghreb ), were ruled by the Almoravids, a puritanical Sanhaja Berber movement, whose original capital was nearby at Marrakesh.
There, he probably came across the writings ( and possibly the disciples ) of the late Andalusian legal philosopher Ibn Hazm ( d. 1064 ), a Zahiri scholar highly critical of the dominant Maliki school promoted by the Almoravids, and this was perhaps Ibn Tumart's first great intellectual influence.
After forty days of siege, in May ( others date April 14, 1130 ), heartened by news of the approach of a relief column from Sijilmassa, the Almoravids sallied from Marrakesh in force and crushed the Almohads in the bloody Battle of al-Buhayra ( named after a large garden east of the city ).
From the late 11th century to the mid-12th century the Taifa kingdoms were united under the Almoravids ( of Saharan origin ), and after the collapse of the Almoravid empire, in 1151 the town was absorbed by the Almohad empire ( of North African origin ).

Almoravids and custom
Waving his puritan's staff among crowds of listeners, Ibn Tumart complained of the mixing of sexes in public, the production of wine and music, and the fashion of veiling men unveiling women ( a custom among the Sanhaja Berbers of the Sahara Desert, that had spread to urban centers with the Almoravids ).

Almoravids and they
The Almoravids were crucial in avoiding a precipitated fall of Al-Andalus to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively beat a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle of Sagrajas.
However, the rule of the dynasty was relatively short-lived and the Almoravids fell-at the height of their power-when they failed to quell the Masmuda-led rebellion initiated by Ibn Tumart.
The Almohads, who had taken control of the Almoravids ' Maghribi and al-Andalus territories by 1147, surpassed the Almoravides in fundamentalist Islamic outlook, and they treated the non-believer dhimmis harshly.
The Berber dynasties ( Almoravids, Almohads, Marinids and Wattasids ) gave the Berber people some measure of collective identity and political unity under a native regime for the first time in their history, and they created the idea of an " imperial Maghrib " under Berber aegis that survived in some form from dynasty to dynasty.
During the reign of Almoravids, the position of the Jews was apparently free of significant abuses, but after another Berber dynasty, Almohads, conquered Córdoba in 1148 they have abolished the dhimma status ( i. e. state protection of life and wealth ) in some of their territories which threatened the Jewish and Christian communities with the choice of conversion to Islam, death, or exile.
The Almoravids were a Muslim militia, their ranks mainly composed of Berber and African Moors, and unlike the previous Muslim rulers, they were not so tolerant towards Christians and Jews.
The same year, the Almoravids start pushing back the Christians to the positions they occupied a decade earlier.
They ruled until they were eventually defeated by the Almoravids in May 1110.
On the West African coast they set up Zāwiyas on the shores of the river Niger and even established independent kingdoms such as al-Murābiṭūn or Almoravids. The Al Hakika Mizaan Mizaani Sufi Order deals with heavy internalization and meditations, their spiritual practice is called Al Qudra MizaanStates ) The Sanusi order were also highly involved in missionary work in Africa during the 19th century, spreading both Islam and a high level of literacy into Africa as far south as Lake Chad and beyond by setting up a network of zawiyas where Islam was taught.
Even though the Barghawata were subsequently much weakened, they were still able to fend off Almoravid attacks — the spiritual leader of the Almoravids, Ibn Yasin, fell in battle against them ( CE 1058 ).
Although the Almoravids were dominant in the first few years, they were in decline when Afonso Henriques definitively captured Lisbon ( al-Ušbuna ) in October 1147.
The Almoravids violated its women and declared everything that they took there to be booty of the community.
The Almoravids persecuted the people of Awdaghust only because they recognized the authority of the ruler of Ghana.
The Almohads ( or Almohadis ) were similar to the Almoravids, in that they similarly attacked any alternative beliefs that they saw as corruptions of Islam.
When the Almoravids conquered Spain in the 11th century they sent Muslim, Christian and Jewish artisans from Spain to Morocco to work on monuments.
But they could not maintain their resistance to the Magrawa in northern Morocco permanently, and, weakened by the struggle, they were subdued by the Almoravids in the 11th century.
At first, they were used as mercenaries against the Almoravids of Morocco-even when the Almoravids conquered territory as far as Algiers in 1081, they could be turned back with Bedouin help.
In 1086, they led the smaller kingdoms in their resistance to the Almoravids, who did not succeed in conquering Zaragoza until May 1110.

Almoravids and from
It served as the uniform of the Almoravids, and under their rule, sumptuary laws forbade anybody else from wearing the veil, thereby making it the distinctive dress of the ruling class ( the later Almohads made a point of mocking the Almoravid veil as symbolic of effeminacy and decadence.
The Almoravids, Berber residents of present-day North Africa, led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, were asked to help defend the divided Moors from Alfonso.
El Cid's son Diego Rodríguez was killed while fighting against the invading Muslim Almoravids from North Africa at the Battle of Consuegra ( 1097 ).
The empire expanded throughout West Africa from the 8th century until 1078, when it was conquered by the Almoravids.
* July 25 – Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León declared after the Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques.
* The Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu ' min conquers most of Morocco from the Almoravids.
* October 18 – Peter I of Aragon conquers Barbastro ( North ) from the hands of the Almoravids.
* The Portuguese conquer Palmela, Alcácer do Sal and Sesimbra from the diminished Almoravids.
* October 24 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona conquers Lérida from the Almoravids after a siege of seven months as well as Fraga.
* The Almoravids overrun Morocco and establish a kingdom stretching from Spain to Senegal.
When in the same years the Almoravids laid siege to the Portuguese city of Santarém, Ferdinand II came to help his father-in-law, and helped to free the city from the menace.
Jews and Christians were alternately tolerated and persecuted, the most notable examples of the latter being the conquest of Islamic Spain by Berber-Arab forces from north Africa ( the Almoravids, followed by the Almohads from the mid-12th century ).
It is possible that the Berber Muslim Almoravids were originally from the area.
The situation changed in the mid-12th century, when the Almoravids, were displaced from al-Andalus and western Maghreb by the Almohad.
The Almoravids, Berber residents of present-day North Africa, led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, were asked to help defend the divided Moors from Alfonso.
Beginning in 1090 the situation deteriorated further with the invasion of the Almoravids, a puritan Muslim sect from Morocco.
The Almoravids, were ousted from the peninsula in 1148 ; however, the peninsula was again invaded, by the even more puritanical Almohades.
* When Ghana collapsed in the face of invasion from the Almoravids, a series of brief kingdoms followed, notably that of the Sosso ; after 1235, the Mali Empire rose to dominate the region.

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