Amos Bronson Alcott ( November 29, 1799 – March 4, 1888 ) was an American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer.

* 1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler, American philosopher, diplomat, and educator, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize ( d. 1947 )

* 1934 – Fredric Jameson, American philosopher and theorist

The American philosopher and educator John Dewey became impressed with the Alexander technique after his headaches, neck pains, blurred vision, and stress symptoms largely improved during the time he used Alexander's advice to change his posture.

American philosopher Michael Martin argues that it is not necessarily true that objective moral truths must entail the existence of God, suggesting that there could be alternative explanations: he argues that naturalism may be an acceptable explanation and, even if a supernatural explanation is necessary, it does not have to be God ( polytheism is a viable alternative ).

In 1941, Eli Siegel, American philosopher and poet, founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that reality itself is aesthetic, and that " The world, art, and self explain each other: each is the aesthetic oneness of opposites.

Burrhus Frederic " B. F ." Skinner ( March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990 ) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914 ) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, sometimes known as " the father of pragmatism ".

In 1934, the philosopher Paul Weiss called Peirce " the most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician ".

* Avram Noam Chomsky ( born 1928 ), American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, political activist, author, lecturer, professor emeritus at < font color = 0 > MIT, known for early work in < font color = 0 > transformational grammar and < font color = 0 > A. I.

With the work of the latter philosopher, critical theory transcended its theoretic roots in German idealism, and progressed closer to American pragmatism.

The American philosopher Arthur Oncken Lovejoy in his * The Revolt Against Dualism ( 1960 ) develops a critique of the modern new realism, reproposing a form of dualism based on a " fork of human experience.

* 1931 – Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher

Daniel Clement Dennett ( born March 28, 1942 ) is an American philosopher, writer and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

* 1902 – Sidney Hook, American philosopher ( d. 1989 )

At this time, a paper written by the American philosopher Edmund Gettier provoked major widespread discussion.

In one response to Gettier, the American philosopher Richard Kirkham has argued that the only definition of knowledge that could ever be immune to all counterexamples is the infallibilist one.

The American philosopher W. V. O. Quine, in his " Two Dogmas of Empiricism ", famously challenged the distinction, arguing that the two have a blurry boundary.

Ethan Allen ( – February 12, 1789 ) was a farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, and American Revolutionary War patriot, hero, and politician.

* Jesse Prinz – American philosopher who specializes in emotion, moral psychology, aesthetics and consciousness

* 2012 – Ruth Barcan Marcus, American philosopher and logician ( b. 1921 )

Indeed, if pressed, we would say what the late Robert Henri, American painter, said to a pupil, `` Anything will do for a subject: it's what you do with it that counts ''.

Gershwin based An American in Paris on a melodic fragment called " Very Parisienne ", written in 1926 on his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, Robert and Mabel Schirmer.

His first generation of students included Alfred Kroeber, Robert Lowie, Edward Sapir and Ruth Benedict, who each produced richly detailed studies of indigenous North American cultures.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1893 – Robert Harron, American actor ( d. 1920 )

* 1908 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American pilot ( d. 2006 )

* 1916 – Robert Shaw, American conductor ( d. 1999 )

* 1955 – Robert Richardson, American cinematographer

* 1964 – Robert Bogue, American actor

* 1917 – Robert Mitchum, American actor ( d. 1997 )

He wrote, " Robert Henderson, Harold Seymour, and other scholars have since debunked the Doubleday-Cooperstown myth, which nonetheless remains powerful in the American imagination because of the efforts of Major League Baseball and the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown.

* 2005 – Robert Coldwell Wood, American political scientist and educator ( b. 1923 )

* 1843 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War ( d. 1926 )

* 1953 – Robert Cray, American singer and guitarist

* 1863 – American Civil War: following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis ( which is refused upon receipt ).

* 1895 – Robert Dean Frisbie, American writer ( d. 1948 )

* 1959 – Robert Casilla, American artist and illustrator

* 1930 – Robert Culp, American actor ( d. 2010 )

* 1937 – Robert Stone, American novelist

* 1966 – Robert Maschio, American actor

* 1970 – Robert Horry, American basketball player

* 1924 – Robert Solow, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

* 1925 – Robert Mulligan, American director ( d. 2008 )

* 1933 – Robert Curl, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Siege of Petersburg is broken – Union troops capture the trenches around Petersburg, Virginia, forcing Confederate General Robert E. Lee to retreat.