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Andalusian and astronomer
According to Josep Puig, the Andalusian astronomer Ibn Bajjah proposed that the Milky Way was made up of many stars which almost touched one another and appeared to be a continuous image due to the effect of refraction from sublunary material, citing his observation of the conjunction of Jupiter and Mars on 500 AH ( 1106 / 1107 AD ) as evidence.
Abū-Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn al-Sāyigh ( Arabic أبو بكر محمد بن يحيى بن الصائغ ), known as Ibn Bājjah (), was an Andalusian Berber polymath: an astronomer, logician, musician, philosopher, physician, physicist, psychologist, botanist, poet and scientist.

Andalusian and Ibn
In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail ( known as " Abubacer " or " Ebn Tophail " in the West ) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child " from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society " on a desert island, through experience alone.
* Ibn Bajjah, Andalusian philosopher
* Ibn Tufail, Andalusian philosopher, physician and official ( approximate date ; d. 1185 ).
* November 10 – Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Arab philosopher ( b. 1165 )
(), better known just as Ibn Rushd (), and in European literature as Averroes (; April 14, 1126 – December 10, 1198 ), was an Andalusian Muslim polymath ; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics and celestial mechanics.
Ibn Abdil Barr, the Andalusian Maliki jurist explains that controlling anger is the door way for restraining other blameworthy traits ego and envy, since these two are less powerful than anger.
According to Lynn Townsend White, Jr., the Andalusian inventor, Abbas Ibn Firnas ( 810-887 ), made the earliest attempt at creating " some sort of metronome.
The Andalusian agronomist Ibn Bassal ( fl 1038 – 1075 ), in his Kitab al-Filaha, describes the flywheel effect employed in a water wheel machine, the saqiya.
The first planetary model without any epicycles was that of Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ) in 12th century Andalusian Spain, but epicycles were not eliminated in Europe until the 17th century, when Johannes Kepler's model of elliptical orbits gradually replaced Copernicus ' model based on perfect circles.
He is not mentioned in any Jewish source, and apart from the Andalusian heresiographer and polemicist Ibn Ḥazm, who mentions him as a Jewish mutakallim ( rational theologian ), our main source of information is Kitāb al-Tanbīh by the Muslim historian al-Masʿūdī ( d. 956 ).
Ibn ʿArabī () ( July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240 ) was an Arab Andalusian Sufi mystic and philosopher.
The techniques and methods first used to produce essential oils were first mentioned by Ibn al-Baitar ( 1188 – 1248 ), an Andalusian physician, pharmacist and chemist .< ref >
He was a contemporary of Andalusian chemists such as Ibn al-Wafid, Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti and Artephius.
He ruled seven cities in southeastern Spain, mentioned in the Treaty of Orihuela that was preserved by the Andalusian historian Ibn Adarí in the thirteenth century: Orihuela, Valentila ( possibly an equivalent for Valencia ), Alicante, Mula, Bigastro, Eyya ( probably Ojós ), and Lorca.
Many features of Andalusian Arabic have been reconstructed by Arabists using Hispano-Arabic texts ( such as the azjâl of Ibn Quzmân, Shushtari and others ) composed in Arabic with varying degrees of deviation from classical norms, augmented by further information from the manner in which the Arabic script was used to transliterate Romance words.
Solomon ibn Gabirol, also Solomon ben Judah (, Shelomo ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol ;, Abu Ayyūb Suleiman ibn Yahya ibn Jabirūl ;, a corruption of Ibn Gibran ), was an Andalusian Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher with a Neoplatonic bent.
It was the hometown of the polymath Abbas Ibn Firnas ( 810 – 887 ), an inventor, engineer, aviator, physician, Arabic poet, and Andalusian musician.
Ibn Tufail ( c. 1105 – 1185 ) ( full Arabic name: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi ; Latinized form: Abubacer Aben Tofail ; Anglicized form: Abubekar or Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail ) was an Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, vizier, and court official.
Much that is known comes from the biographical accounts found in The Generations of the Physicians, a work written by the Andalusian author Ibn Juljul in the 2nd half of the 10th century, and in The Generations of the Nations by Sa ' id of Toledo, who wrote in the mid-11th century.
Andalusian Lyric poetry and Old Spanish Love Songs ( 1976 ) ( includes translations of some of the medieval anthology of love poems, compiled by Ibn Sana al-Mulk, the Dar al-tiraz ).
Abbas Ibn Firnas ( 810 – 887 A. D .), also known as Abbas Abu Al-Qasim Ibn Firnas Ibn Wirdas al-Takurini (), was a Muslim Andalusian polymath: an inventor, engineer, aviator, physician, Arabic poet, and Andalusian musician.

Andalusian and ("
The renowned Andalusian ophthalmologic surgeon Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (" Abulcasis ", 936 – 1013 CE ) relied on opium and mandrake as surgical anaesthetics and wrote a treatise, al-Tasrif, that influenced medical thought well into the sixteenth century.
An account of the Guanche population may have been made around 1150 CE by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in the Nuzhatul Mushtaq, a book he wrote for King Roger II of Sicily, in which al-Idrisi reports a journey in the Atlantic Ocean made by the Mugharrarin (" the adventurers "), a family of Andalusian seafarers from Lisbon, Portugal.

Andalusian and ",
One of the first written references is from an anonymous 13th-century North Africa / Andalusian cookbook, Kitāb al-tabǐkh fǐ al-Maghrib ( North Africa ) wa ' l-Andalus ( Arabic ) " The cookbook of the Maghreb and Al-Andalus ", with a recipe for couscous that was ' known all over the world '.
Blas Infante, in his book Orígenes de lo flamenco y secreto del cante jondo, suggested that the word may derive from Andalusian Arabic fellah mengu, " Escapee Peasant ", referring to the formerly Muslim Andalusians ( Moriscos ), who stayed in Spain and, according to certain modern authors, are supposed to have mixed with the Romani newcomers.
The beginnings of the Spanish musical were focused on romantic Spanish archetypes: Andalusian villages and landscapes, gypsys, " bandoleros ", and copla and other popular folk songs included in story development.
The variety of Spanish spoken in this province displays some of the characteristics of Andalusian speech, such as dropping of final-s in plural formation: gafa for gafas ( and consequent final vowel opening ) in the word " glasses ", or dropping of / d / in intervocalic position in regular participles of verbs: e. g. acabao for acabado.
Being aware of the necessity of the Andalusian people to adapt to the new scenario, a major government plan, called " strategies for the second modernization of Andalusia ", was designed in 2003.
espinarc, which perhaps is via Catalan espinac, from Andalusian Arabic asbinakh ( اسبيناخ ), from Arabic es-sabaanikh ( السبانخ ), from Persian اسپاناخ aspanakh, meaning roughly " green hand ", but the multiplicity of forms makes the theory doubtful.
* " Early Andalusian Politics ", by Richard Greydanus
Historically, cultural ties with Spain have been strong ; a variant of Andalusian Spanish, " Llanito ", being the vernacular language of the territory.
Some names of Spanish locations are derived from Andalusian Arabic toponyms where was used to mean a permanent river, for example: Guadalcanal from wādī al-Qanal = " river of refreshment stalls ", Guadalajara from wādī al-hidjārah = " river of stones ", or Guadalquivir from al-wādī al-kabīr = " the great river ".
It is probably derived from the Andalusian Spanish term " churumbel ", used to describe a small child.
The promotional CD versions of " Milk and Money ", " Hard to Believe " and " Andalusian Dog ", all for the album Sticker Happy, were mixed at Electric Lady Studios, New York City in September 1997.
During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, all forms of regional culture were suppressed in favor of a unified " Spanish culture ", which was heavily based on Andalusian culture ( Though Franco himself was Galician ).
The word " pitorro " is actually a corruption of the word " pintorro ", an Andalusian term used to depict inferior-quality wine or rum that had a weak color ( hence the name ).
Another theory, famously forwarded by Alexander von Humboldt is that it comes from the Arabic al-Tin or al-Tennyn, for " dragon ", a reference to the old Arab legends about sea dragons on the edge of the ocean ( frequently depicted in Arab maritime charts ), and that the island may have been known as Jezirat al Tennyn, or " Dragon's Isle ", in Andalusian Arab legend.
Malhun or milhun ( Arabic الملحون / ALA-LC: al-malḥūn ), meaning " the melodic poem ", is a Moroccan music that borrows its modes from the Andalusian music.
* Fernández-Morera, Darío: " The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise ", in: The Intercollegiate Review, Fall 2006, pp. 23 – 31
* Darío Fernández-Morera: " The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise ", The Intercollegiate Review, Fall 2006
These includes crossbreds such as the " Spanish Norman ", a cross between the Percheron and the Andalusian and the Warlander a cross between the Andalusian and the Friesian horse.

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