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Antarctic and Treaty
# REDIRECT Antarctic Treaty System
All ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty.
Thirty stations, operated by 16 national governments party to the Antarctic Treaty, have landing facilities for either helicopters and / or fixed-wing aircraft ; commercial enterprises operate two additional air facilities.
The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population.
* The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed October 4, 1991 and entered into force January 14, 1998 ; this agreement prevents development and provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas.
The Antarctic Treaty System's yearly Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings ( ATCM ) are the international forum for the administration and management of the region.
# REDIRECT Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Most of the Antarctic region is situated south of 60 ° S latitude parallel, and is governed in accordance with the international legal regime of the Antarctic Treaty System.
In December 2009, the growth of tourism, with consequences for both the ecology and the safety of the travellers in its great and remote wilderness, was noted at a conference in New Zealand by experts from signatories to the Antarctic Treaty.
The definitive results of the conference would be presented at the Antarctic Treaty states ' meeting in Uruguay in May 2010.
* Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty
Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
These include the Antarctic Treaty and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and conventions on Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, and Wetlands.
* party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
:* Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

Antarctic and headquarters
The current Casey Station headquarters ( the " Red Shed ") was built in the late 1980s as part of the Australian Government's Antarctic Re-building Program.
* 1980: Australian Antarctic Division headquarters completed at Kingston
Kingston is home to six schools, a large sporting complex, a golf course and Brad's park ( where many Kingston High School students like to sleep ), the headquarters of the Australian Antarctic Division, and two major shopping centres, Kingston Town Shopping Centre and Channel Court Shopping Centre.
Discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition in 1929 and named for John McEntee Bowman, president of the Bowman-Biltmore Hotels Corporation, who donated headquarters for the preparation of the expedition.
The League, including G ' nort, find their Antarctic headquarters overwhelmed by killer penguins.

Antarctic and have
Due to the fragility of the Antarctic environment, only a limited amount of transport movements can take place and sustainable transportation technologies have to be used to reduce the ecological footprint.
Recent studies have indicated that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current varies with time.
Trends in the Antarctic Oscillation have been hypothesized to account for an increase in the transport of the Circumpolar Current over the past two decades.
Published estimates of the onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current vary, but it is commonly considered to have started at the Eocene / Oligocene boundary.
The timing of the opening of the Drake Passage, between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, is more disputed ; tectonic and sediment evidence show that it could have been open as early as pre 34 Ma, estimates of the opening of the Drake passage are between 20 and 40 Ma.
Studies of phytoplankton stocks in the southern sea have shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is dominated by diatoms, while the Weddell Sea has abundant coccolithophorids and silicoflagellates.
The various Antarctic species may have either used the same route, or traveled down the west coast of Africa.
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands have formed a ( an overseas territory ) of France since 1955.
Some have concluded that he thought the Arctic and Antarctic zones to be adjacent to each other.
Three types have been documented in the Antarctic.
Antarctic killer whales may have pale grey to nearly white backs.
Typical maps of the Arctic have 0 ° meridian towards the bottom of the page ; maps of the Antarctic have the 0 ° meridian towards the top of the page.
European teams, starting with a consortium called " EUROMET " in the late 1980s, and continuing with a program by the Italian Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide have also conducted systematic searches for Antarctic meteorites.
In order to quantify the degree of alteration that a meteorite experienced, several qualitative weathering indices have been applied to Antarctic and desertic samples.
Only the Antarctic and Australian coasts have no nearby subduction zones.
They also speculate that it may have contributed in some way to the separation of Australia from the Antarctic landmass, which were both part of a supercontinent called Gondwana.
Studies of bacteria frozen in Antarctic glaciers have shown that DNA has a half-life of 1. 1 million years under such conditions, suggesting that while life may have potentially moved around within the Solar System it is unlikely that it could have arrived from an interstellar source.
" This provision contrasts with the rejected Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities, which would have allowed mining under the control and taxation of an international managing body similar to the International Seabed Authority.
Throughout the Marvel Universe there have been a few incidents that resulted due to the presence of vibranium including: ( Note: Wakandan variety vibranium is referred to as vibranium and Antarctic variety vibranium is referred to as Anti-Metal )
The Antarctic island of South Georgia used to have several thriving whaling settlements during the first half of the 20th century, with a combined population exceeding 2, 000 in some years.

Antarctic and been
Some research has been done on Antarctic phytoplankton as a carbon sink.
Marked decreases in column ozone in the Antarctic spring and early summer compared to the early 1970s and before have been observed using instruments such as the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS ).
Decreases in the ozone level of up to 10 % have been reported in New Zealand in the month following the breakup of the Antarctic ozone hole.
In 1513, the Ottoman Turkish admiral Piri Reis drew a world map that has been said to show part of the Antarctic continent.
For instance, Bentheogennema borealis is abundant at 57 ° north in the Pacific Ocean, while collections of Gennadas kempi have been made as far south as 61 ° south in the Antarctic Ocean.
It was known by the native peoples of the Arctic that the livers of carnivores should not be eaten, but Arctic explorers have suffered Hypervitaminosis A from eating the bear livers ( and there has been at least one example of similar poisoning of Antarctic explorers eating husky dog livers ).
The National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery Expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation.
Later research concerning the paleoclimatology and ice sheets of Antarctica have completely discredited the interpretations by Hapgood that an Antarctic warm period coincided with the last ice age in the Northern hemisphere and any part of it had been ice-free at and prior to 9, 600 BCE ( approx.
At least three children have been born in Antarctica, albeit in stations north of the Antarctic Circle.
Using molecular analyses and corroborated by fossils, it has been possible to demonstrate that perching birds evolved first in the region of Australia or the adjacent Antarctic ( which at that time lay somewhat further north and had a temperate climate ).
An engine Ericsson constructed for Sir John Franklin's use failed under the Antarctic conditions for which, out of Franklin's desire to conceal his destination, it had not been designed.
Some of these species still return to the ocean to feed ; for example, the Snow Petrel, the nests of which have been found inland on the Antarctic mainland, are unlikely to find anything to eat around their breeding sites.
It was the first land to have been spotted south of the Antarctic Circle, and was thus also the southernmost sighted land at the time of its discovery.
Along the Antarctic Peninsula, temperatures as high as 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) have been recorded, though the summer temperature is usually around 2 ° C ( 36 ° F ).
Two Royal Navy ships have been called HMS Endurance after Sir Ernest Shackleton's Endurance, the ship crushed in the ice of the Weddell Sea during his 1914-1915 Antarctic expedition.
This feat is unlikely to be repeated, as all dogs have been banned from Antarctica by the Antarctic Treaty nations since 1994, due to fears that they could transmit diseases to the native seal population.
The Antarctic peninsula of the " late Early to latest Eocene " seems to have been a lively place.
The most gregarious of the Antarctic seals, crabeaters have been observed on the ice in aggregations of up to 1, 000 hauled out animals and in swimming groups of several hundred individuals, breathing and diving almost synchronously.
One of the employees let go from Antarctic Press was head translator Kumi Kimura, who took several projects that had been in the planning stages to his new company, Studio Ironcat.

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